Item 19 - Attachment A - Exhibit A - Appendix D - Cultural ReportAppendix D
Cultural Resources Study
A CULTURAL RESOURCES STUDY FOR
THE FARMS IN POWAY PROJECT
POWAY, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA
APNs 273-110-070, -080, and -180
Project Site Location: Portions of Sections 24 and 25 of Township 13 South, Range 2 West
and a portion of Section 19 of Township 13 South, Range 1 West
of the 7.5-minute USGS Escondido, California Topographic Map
Prepared on Behalf of:
Kevin McNamara
12919 Corte Juana
Poway, California 92064
Prepared For:
City of Poway
Development Services Department
13325 Civic Center Drive
Poway, California 92064
Prepared By:
Brian F. Smith and Associates, Inc.
14010 Poway Road, Suite A
Poway, California 92064
October 4, 2019; Revised February 6, 2020 DRAFT
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Archaeological Database Information
Author: Brian F. Smith, M.A.
Prepared By: Brian F. Smith and Associates, Inc.
14010 Poway Road, Suite A
Poway, California 92064
(858) 484-0915
Report Date: October 4, 2019; Revised February 6, 2020
Report Title: A Cultural Resources Study for The Farms in Poway Project,
Poway, San Diego County, California
Prepared on Behalf of: Kevin McNamara
12919 Corte Juana
Poway, California 92064
Prepared For: City of Poway
Development Services Department
13325 Civic Center Drive
Poway, California 92064
Assessor’s Parcel Numbers: APNs 273-110-070, -080, and -180
USGS Quadrangle: Escondido, California (7.5 minute)
Study Area: Approximately 117 acres
Key Words: Archaeological investigations; positive survey; site testing
program for CEQA evaluations, two prehistoric sites (P-37-
038732 and P-37-038733); no significant resources; mitigation
monitoring recommended. DRAFT
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Table of Contents
Section Description Page
1.0 MANAGEMENT SUMMARY ................................................................................... 1.0–1
1.1 Purpose of Investigation ....................................................................................... 1.0–1
1.2 Major Findings ...................................................................................................... 1.0–1
1.3 Recommendation Summary .................................................................................. 1.0–2
2.0 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 2.0–1
2.1 Previous Work ....................................................................................................... 2.0–6
3.0 SETTING ..................................................................................................................... 3.0–1
3.1 Physiographic Setting ........................................................................................... 3.0–1
3.2 Geologic and Biological Settings .......................................................................... 3.0–1
3.3 Cultural Setting ..................................................................................................... 3.0–2
3.3.1 Prehistory ................................................................................................ 3.0–2
3.3.2 History ..................................................................................................... 3.0–5
3.4 Research Goals ..................................................................................................... 3.0–9
4.0 METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................................... 4.0–1
4.1 Archaeological Records Search ............................................................................ 4.0–1
4.2 Field Methodology ................................................................................................ 4.0–1
4.2.1 Archaeological Survey ............................................................................. 4.0–1
4.2.2 Significance Testing ................................................................................. 4.0–2
4.3 Laboratory Methodology ...................................................................................... 4.0–2
4.4 Report Preparation and Recordation ..................................................................... 4.0–3
4.5 Native American Consultation .............................................................................. 4.0–3
4.6 Applicable Regulations ......................................................................................... 4.0–3
4.6.1 California Environmental Quality Act .................................................... 4.0–4
5.0 RESULTS .................................................................................................................... 5.0–1
5.1 Records Search Results ......................................................................................... 5.0–1
5.2 Results of the Field Survey ................................................................................... 5.0–1
5.3 Results of Significance Testing ............................................................................. 5.0–2
5.3.1 Site P-37-038732 ..................................................................................... 5.0–4
5.3.2 Site P-37-038733 ..................................................................................... 5.0–8
6.0 SIGNIFICANCE EVALUATIONS AND IMPACT ANALYSIS .............................. 6.0–1
6.1 Site P-37-038732 ................................................................................................... 6.0–1
6.2 Site P-37-038733 ................................................................................................... 6.0–1
7.0 RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................. 7.0–1
7.1 Mitigation Monitoring ........................................................................................... 7.0–1
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Table of Contents (continued)
Section Description Page
8.0 CERTIFICATION ....................................................................................................... 8.0–1
9.0 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................. 9.0–1
Appendices
Appendix A – Qualifications of Key Personnel
Appendix B – Site Record Forms*
Appendix C – Archaeological Records Search Results*
Appendix D – NAHC Sacred Lands File Search Results*
Appendix E – Cultural Resources Survey Report for The Farm in Poway Project, Poway,
California (Prepared by RECON Environmental, Inc., 2020)
Appendix F – Table 5.1–1
Appendix G – Confidential Maps*
*Deleted for public review and bound separately in the Confidential Appendix
List of Figures
Figure Description Page
Figure 2.0–1 General Location Map ................................................................................. 2.0–3
Figure 2.0–2 Project Location Map (USGS) .................................................................... 2.0–4
Figure 2.0–3 Project Development Map ........................................................................... 2.0–5
Figure 5.2–1 Cultural Resource Location Map* ............................................................... 5.0–3
Figure 5.3–1 Archaeological Investigation Map, Site P-37-038732* .............................. 5.0–5
Figure 5.3–2 Archaeological Investigation Map, Site P-37-038733* .............................. 5.0–9
*Deleted for public review and bound separately in the Confidential Appendix
List of Plates
Plate Description Page
Plate 5.2–1 Overview of Site P-37-038732, facing northwest ....................................... 5.0–2 DRAFT
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List of Plates (continued)
Plate Description Page
Plate 5.3–1 Overview of Site P-37-038732, facing north .............................................. 5.0–4
Plate 5.3–2 BMF A at Site P-37-038732, facing northwest ........................................... 5.0–6
Plate 5.3–3 Overview of Site P-37-038733, facing south .............................................. 5.0–8
Plate 5.3–4 BMF A at Site P-37-038733, facing west ................................................... 5.0–10
Plate 5.3–5 BMF B at Site P-37-038733, facing west .................................................... 5.0–11
List of Tables
Table Description Page
Table 5.3–1 Bedrock Milling Feature Data Site P-37-038732 ........................................ 5.0–6
Table 5.3–2 Shovel Test Excavation Data Site P-37-038732 ......................................... 5.0–7
Table 5.3–3 Bedrock Milling Feature Data Site P-37-038733 ........................................ 5.0–10
Table 5.3–4 Shovel Test Excavation Data Site P-37-038733 ......................................... 5.0–11 DRAFT
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1.0 MANAGEMENT SUMMARY
The following report details the results of a cultural resources study conducted by Brian F.
Smith and Associates, Inc. (BFSA) for The Farms in Poway Project, which is a proposed
residential development at the former location of the Stoneridge Country Club in the northern area
of the city of Poway. The property is located at 17166 Stoneridge Country Club Lane and
encompasses approximately 117 acres of the former golf course property identified as Assessor’s
Parcel Numbers [APNs] 273-110-070, -080, and -180. The golf course property is configured
between residential neighborhoods north of Espola Road and adjacent to Saint Andrews Drive on
the west and Boca Raton Lane on the east. The project is situated within portions of Sections 24
and 25 of Township 13 South, Range 2 West and a portion of Section 19 of Township 13 South,
Range 1 West on the 7.5-minute USGS Escondido, California topographic map. The
archaeological study by BFSA was conducted in compliance with both the California
Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) and the City of Poway’s cultural resources requirements to
locate and record any cultural resources present within the project Area of Potential Effect (APE).
1.1 Purpose of Investigation
The purpose of this investigation was to conduct a cultural resources study of the proposed
residential development to assess the potential for impacts to archaeological sites. The subject
property was previously surveyed by RECON Environmental, Inc. (RECON) in September 2017
(Price and Shultz 2020) and was also intuitively surveyed for due diligence purposes in 2018 by
BFSA. The study of this project consisted of a records search of previously recorded
archaeological sites within or near the project, a survey of the development parcels and off-site
utility (sewer) and roadway improvements, and an evaluation of the cultural resources identified
within the property. The records search conducted at the South Coastal Information Center (SCIC)
at San Diego State University (SDSU) did not identify any previously recorded sites within the
project boundaries; however, two previously unrecorded sites (P-37-038732 and P-37-038733)
were identified within the project during the archaeological survey conducted by RECON (Price
and Shultz 2020). The two archaeological sites discovered within the project were characterized
as isolated milling features representative of the late prehistoric Kumeyaay people. In order to
determine if the proposed development would represent a source of adverse impacts to the cultural
resources, the discovered archaeological sites were evaluated for significance using the criteria
listed in CEQA and Public Resources Code § 21000.
1.2 Major Findings
As a result of the records search and field survey, two prehistoric bedrock milling sites
were identified within the subject property (P-37-038732 and P-37-038733). These sites are part
of the Late Prehistoric subsistence pattern that focused upon food collecting and processing in the
coastal foothills and valleys throughout the Poway area. An archaeological testing program was DRAFT
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conducted to record the sites in detail and to examine the potential for cultural deposits.
Information from the testing program was employed to determine if the archaeological sites
represent significant resources, as defined by CEQA. BFSA conducted the archaeological
investigations on September 24, 2019. Based upon the field investigations and research, sites P-
37-038732 and P-37-038733 have been evaluated as not significant under CEQA criteria.
Department of Parks and Recreation (DPR) primary site record forms for P-37-038732 and
P-37-038733 were submitted to the SCIC at SDSU (Appendix B). A copy of this report will be
permanently filed with the SCIC at SDSU. All notes, photographs, and other materials related to
this project will be curated at BFSA’s secure archaeological laboratory in Poway, California.
1.3 Recommendation Summary
The proposed development project will impact two prehistoric sites discovered on the
property. Direct impacts to P-37-038732 and P-37-038733 will not be adverse because these sites
were evaluated as not significant. Although no site-specific mitigation measures will be required,
a Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program (MMRP) will be recommended as a condition of
approval for this project. Because the property was graded prior to any environmental review
requirements (CEQA) in the 1960s, and given the density of archaeological sites in the Green
Valley and Old Coach Road areas of the city, the potential to encounter buried or masked
archaeological resources during grading for the new development is sufficient to recommend
monitoring of grading. The MMRP will require that an archaeological monitor be present during
grading and earth-disturbing activities associated with the development of the project. Native
American monitoring is also recommended given that prehistoric resources were identified on this
property. Should any previously unrecorded cultural resources be discovered during grading, the
discovery will be evaluated for significance and additional mitigation measures may be required
prior to the grading of the site if the discovery is defined as significant. All artifacts recovered
from the testing program and the data recovery mitigation program will be curated at the City of
Poway.
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2.0 INTRODUCTION
BFSA was retained by the development applicant Kevin McNamara to conduct a cultural
resources study of The Farms in Poway Project in the city of Poway, San Diego County, California.
The field investigations were conducted in order to comply with both CEQA and City of Poway
guidelines to identify any development-related impacts to the identified cultural resources as part
of the environmental review process required by CEQA. The project is located in an area of high
cultural resource sensitivity, as is suggested by known site density and predictive modeling.
Sensitivity for cultural resources in a given area is usually indicated by known settlement patterns.
In San Diego County, prehistoric cultural activities centered around environments with accessible
food and water near bedrock formations. This property was previously subjected to an
archaeological survey by the environmental consulting firm RECON (Price and Shultz 2020), the
data from which has been included in this report. BFSA conducted an updated archaeological
reconnaissance of the property and archaeological testing for two prehistoric milling sites (P-37-
038732 and P-37-038733) located within the development envelope.
The property is located at 17166 Stoneridge Country Club Lane and encompasses
approximately 117 acres of the former golf course property identified as APNs 273-110-070, -080,
and -180 (Figure 2.0–1). The golf course property is configured between residential
neighborhoods north of Espola Road and adjacent to Saint Andrews Drive on the west and Boca
Raton Lane on the east. The project is situated within portions of Sections 24 and 25 of Township
13 South, Range 2 West and a portion of Section 19 of Township 13 South, Range 1 West on the
7.5-minute USGS Escondido, California topographic map (Figure 2.0–2). The project proposes
to develop the approximately 117-acre golf course property into 160 residential homes with
associated community gardens/farms, recreation facilities, restaurants, and parks, as well as open
space (Figure 2.0–3).
In addition to the residential development, the project includes several off-site
improvements. Off-site utility improvements include the option for a gravity sewer line
connection that starts in Boca Raton Lane, then heads south within the paved 60-foot public right
of way, then turns east within the paved 60-foot public right of way of Indian Canyon Lane, and
then turns north within the 42-foot paved private Butterfield Trail to the public sewer connection.
Off-site roadway improvements include the expansion of Espola Road and Martincoit Road
to a signalized four-way intersection, the provision of a pedestrian crossing on the west leg of the
intersection with an enhanced crosswalk for high visibility, pedestrian signals with countdown
timers, leading pedestrian interval timing, American Disability Act (ADA) compliant curb ramps,
bicycle signal detection, and smart adaptive signals that can adjust signal phasing and extent
pedestrian walk times based upon time of day. These same mobility features are also
recommended at the Valle Verde Road and Espola Road intersection. Similarly, high visibility
crosswalk and ADA complaint ramps would be installed at the intersection of Valle Verde Road
and St. Andrews Drive. In addition, the missing connection of the five feet of contiguous sidewalk DRAFT
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along the east side of Valle Verde Road, approximately 350 feet north of Edina Way to Solera
Way, would be constructed to provide continuous sidewalk.
Additional off-site roadway improvements would include improvements to the existing
San Diego Metropolitan Transit System bus stop at this intersection; various improvements to
Espola Road, including the widening of the right-of-way by three feet on the north side to
accommodate a standard Class II bike lane; and the development of two secondary access points
with stop-sign-controlled intersections located along Boca Raton Lane, one near the middle of the
project and one near the northeast corner of the project. The proposed project would also include
two emergency vehicle access points, with one located along Cloudcroft Drive and the other along
Cloudcroft Court at the San Diego County Water Authority easement.
Principal Investigator Brian F. Smith directed the cultural resources study for the project,
conducting the updated reconnaissance and Phase II testing program. The RECON survey of the
property was conducted independently of BFSA (Price and Shultz 2020). The technical report was
prepared by Brian Smith. Andrew Garrison created the report graphics and Lisa Stone conducted
technical editing and report production with assistance from Elena Goralogia. Qualifications of
key personnel are provided in Appendix A.
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2.1 Previous Work
The subject property was initially developed prior to CEQA or environmental review
requirements. Therefore, no previous archaeological study had been conducted for this project.
The records search conducted for the project by the SCIC at SDSU did not identify any recorded
cultural resources or previous studies within the subject property. However, 68 cultural resources
and one historic address were identified within one mile of the property and 81 cultural resource
studies were conducted within one mile of the project. The full records search results can be found
in Section 5.1 and Appendix C.
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3.0 SETTING
3.1 Physiographic Setting
San Diego County lies in the Peninsular Ranges Geologic Province of southern
California. The mountainous zone, which extends from northwest to southeast through the
county, extends to a maximum height of 6,533 feet above mean sea level (AMSL) (Beauchamp
1986). Foothills and valleys, which comprise the cismontane region, extend west from the
mountains. This region typically receives more rainfall than the mesas and less than the
mountainous region. The coastal mesa region lies between the foothills and the coast, cut by
several large drainages originating in the mountains and foothills. The coast is characterized by
large bays and lagoons where the major rivers empty into the sea and the mesas terminate at the
ocean in the form of bluffs (Beauchamp 1986).
3.2 Geologic and Biological Settings
The project is located in the western foothills, or cismontane, region of Poway in
northwestern San Diego County. The geology in the project area is characterized by an igneous
and metamorphic basement complex (Kennedy and Peterson 1975). The basement complex
consists of the Upper Jurassic Santiago Peak Volcanics and mid-cretaceous rocks of the Southern
California Batholith. The Santiago Peak Volcanics are composed of an elongated belt of mildly
metamorphosed volcanic, volcaniclastic, and sedimentary rocks that crop out from the southern
edge of the Los Angeles basin, moving south toward Mexico. These rocks range in composition
from basalt to rhyolite, which are extremely hard rocks that are resistant to erosion. The mid-
cretaceous plutonic rocks of the Southern California Batholith intrude upon the Santiago Peak
Volcanics and are primarily composed of quartz diorite and gabbro, forming the weathered
granitic boulders that dominate the hillsides. Alluvium, primarily consisting of poorly
consolidated surface materials derived from nearby soil and decomposed bedrock surfaces, is
deposited along the valleys and drainages (Kennedy and Peterson 1975). The Poway area is
characterized by foothills surrounding a number of valleys on the inland slope of the Peninsular
Range.
Soils in the project area include those of the Cieneba-Fallbrook Association, consisting of
approximately 40.00 percent Cieneba shallow loam soils, 40.00 percent Fallbrook loamy soils,
15.00 percent rocky outcrops, and 5.00 percent Vista soils (NRCS 2019). The Cieneba-
Fallbrook Association is characterized by excessively-drained to well-drained, coarse sandy
loams overlying sandy clay loams that terminate with decomposed granodiorite (Bowman 1973).
The Cieneba-Fallbrook Association can be found along foothills with slopes ranging from 9.00
to 75.00 percent. Vegetation within the association consists of chamise (Adenostoma
fasciculatum), California sagebrush (Artemisia californica), shrubs (Ceanothus L.), flat-topped
buckwheat (Eriogonum deflexum), annual grasses and forbs, and oak (Quercus) along drainages
and on some north-facing slopes (Bowman 1973). DRAFT
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3.3 Cultural Setting
The area of western San Diego County has a very rich and extensive record of both
prehistoric and historic activity. The cultures that have been identified in the general vicinity of
the project include the Paleo Indian Period manifestation of the San Dieguito Complex, the Early
Archaic Period represented by the La Jolla Complex, and the Late Prehistoric Period represented
by the Kumeyaay Indians. Following the Hispanic intrusion into the region, the Presidio of San
Diego, the Mission San Diego de Alcalá, and the Pueblo of San Diego were established. The
project area was possibly used in conjunction with the agricultural activities of the mission until
the period of mission secularization. The pastoral activities of the Mexican Period (1822 to
1846) likely included use of the areas near the project for grazing purposes. Farming also
blossomed and gradually replaced cattle ranching in many of the coastal areas. A brief
discussion of the cultural elements present in the project area is provided in the following
subsections.
3.3.1 Prehistory
In general, the prehistoric record of San Diego County has been documented in many
reports and studies, several of which represent the earliest scientific works concerning the
recognition and interpretation of the archaeological manifestations present in this region.
Geographer Malcolm Rogers initiated the recordation of sites in the area in the 1920s and 1930s,
using his field notes to construct the first cultural sequences based upon artifact assemblages and
stratigraphy (Rogers 1966). Subsequent scholars expanded the information gathered by Rogers
and offered more academic interpretations of the prehistoric record. Moriarty (1966, 1967,
1969), Warren (1964, 1966), and True (1958, 1966) all produced seminal works that critically
defined the various prehistoric cultural phenomena present in this region (Moratto 1984).
Additional studies have sought to further refine these earlier works (Cardenas 1986; True 1970,
1980, 1986; True and Beemer 1982; True and Pankey 1985; Waugh 1986; Winterrowd and
Cardenas 1987).
In sharp contrast, the current trend in San Diego prehistory has also resulted in a
revisionist group that rejects the established cultural historical sequence for San Diego. This
revisionist group (Warren et al. 1998) has replaced the concepts of La Jolla, San Dieguito, and
all of their other manifestations with an extensive, all-encompassing, chronologically
undifferentiated cultural unit that ranges from the initial occupation of southern California to
around A.D. 1000 (Bull 1983, 1987; Ezell; 1983, 1987; Gallegos 1987; Kyle et al. 1990; Stropes
2007). For the present study, the prehistory of the region is divided into four major periods:
Early Man, Paleo Indian, Early Archaic, and Late Prehistoric.
The Early Man Period (Prior to 8500 B.C.)
At the present time, there has been no concrete archaeological evidence to support the
occupation of San Diego County prior to 10,500 years before the present (YBP). Some DRAFT
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archaeologists, such as Carter (1957, 1980) and Minshall (1976), have been proponents of Native
American occupation of the region as early as 100,000 YBP. However, their evidence for such
claims is sparse at best, and they have lost much support over the years as more precise dating
techniques have become available for skeletal remains thought to represent early man in San
Diego. In addition, many of the “artifacts” initially identified as products of early man in the
region have since been rejected as natural products of geologic activity. Some of the local
proposed early man sites include Texas Street, Buchanan Canyon, Brown, Mission Valley (San
Diego River Valley), Del Mar, and La Jolla (Bada et al. 1974; Carter 1957, 1980; Minshall
1976, 1989; Moriarty and Minshall 1972; Reeves 1985; Reeves et al. 1986).
Paleo Indian Period (8500 to 6000 B.C.)
For the region, it is generally accepted that the earliest identifiable culture in the
archaeological record is represented by the material remains of the Paleo Indian Period San
Dieguito Complex. The San Dieguito Complex was thought to represent the remains of a group
of people who occupied sites in this region between 10,500 and 8,000 YBP, and who were
related to or contemporaneous with groups in the Great Basin. As of yet, no absolute dates have
been forthcoming to support the great age attributed to this cultural phenomenon. The artifacts
recovered from San Dieguito sites duplicate the typology attributed to the Western Pluvial Lakes
Tradition (Moratto 1984; Davis et al. 1969). These artifacts generally include scrapers,
choppers, large bifaces, and large projectile points, with few milling tools. Tools recovered from
San Dieguito Complex sites, along with the general pattern of their site locations, led early
researchers to believe that the San Dieguito were a wandering hunter/gatherer society (Moriarty
1969; Rogers 1966).
The San Dieguito Complex is the least understood of the cultures that have inhabited the
San Diego County region. This is due to an overall lack of stratigraphic information and/or
datable materials recovered from sites identified as belong to the San Dieguito Complex.
Currently, controversy exists among researchers that centers upon the relationship of the San
Dieguito and the subsequent cultural manifestation in the area, the La Jolla Complex. Although,
firm evidence has not yet been discovered to indicate whether the San Dieguito “evolved” into
the La Jolla Complex, the La Jolla Complex moved into the area and assimilated the people of
the San Dieguito, or the San Dieguito retreated from the area due to environmental or cultural
pressures.
Early Archaic Period (6000 B.C. to A.D. 0)
Based upon evidence that suggests climatic shifts and archaeologically observable
changes in subsistence strategies, a new cultural pattern is believed to have emerged in the San
Diego region around 6000 B.C. Archaeologists believe that this Archaic Period pattern evolved
from or replaced the San Dieguito culture, resulting in a pattern referred to as the Encinitas
Tradition. In San Diego, the Encinitas Tradition is thought to be represented by the coastal La DRAFT
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Jolla Complex and its inland manifestation, the Pauma Complex. The La Jolla Complex is best
recognized for its pattern of shell middens and grinding tools closely associated with marine
resources and flexed burials (Shumway et al. 1961; Smith and Moriarty 1985). Increasing
numbers of inland sites have been identified as dating to the Archaic Period, focusing upon
terrestrial subsistence (Cardenas 1986; Smith 1996; Raven-Jennings and Smith 1999a, 1999b).
The tool typology of the La Jolla Complex displays a wide range of sophistication in the
lithic manufacturing techniques used to create the tools found at their sites. Scrapers, the
dominant flaked tool type, were created by either splitting cobbles or by finely flaking quarried
material. Evidence suggests that after about 8,200 YBP, milling tools began to appear in La
Jolla sites. Inland sites of the Encinitas Tradition (Pauma Complex) exhibit a reduced quantity
of marine-related food refuse and contain large quantities of milling tools and food bone. The
lithic tool assemblage shifts slightly to encompass the procurement and processing of terrestrial
resources, suggesting seasonal migration from the coast to the inland valleys (Smith 1996). At
the present time, the transition from the Archaic Period to the Late Prehistoric Period is not well
understood. Many questions remain concerning cultural transformation between periods,
possibilities of ethnic replacement, and/or a possible hiatus from the western portion of the
county.
Late Prehistoric Period (A.D. 0 to 1769)
The transition into the Late Prehistoric Period in the project area is primarily represented
by a marked change in archaeological patterning known as the Yuman Tradition. This tradition
is primarily represented by the Cuyamaca Complex, which is believed to have derived from the
mountains of southern San Diego County. The people of the Cuyamaca Complex are considered
ancestral to the ethnohistoric Kumeyaay (Diegueño). Although several archaeologists consider
the local Native American tribes to be latecomers, the traditional stories and histories passed
down through oral tradition by the local Native American groups speak both presently and
ethnographically to tribal presence in the region as being since the time of creation.
The Kumeyaay Native Americans were a seasonal hunting and gathering people with
cultural elements that were very distinct from the La Jolla Complex. Noted variations in material
culture included cremation, the use of the bow and arrow, and adaptation to the use of the acorn
as a main food staple (Moratto 1984). Along the coast, the Kumeyaay made use of marine
resources by fishing and collecting shellfish for food. Seasonally available plant food resources
(including acorns) and game were sources of nourishment for the Kumeyaay. By far the most
important food resource for these people was the acorn. The acorn represented a storable
surplus, which in turn allowed for seasonal sedentism and its attendant expansion of social
phenomena.
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3.3.2 History
Exploration Period (1530 to 1769)
The historic period around San Diego Bay began with the landing of Juan Rodríguez
Cabrillo and his men in 1542 (Chapman 1925). Sixty years after the Cabrillo expeditions (1602
to 1603), Sebastian Vizcaíno made an extensive and thorough exploration of the Pacific coast.
Although the voyage did not extend beyond the northern limits of the Cabrillo track, Vizcaíno
had the most lasting effect upon the nomenclature of the coast. Many of the names Vizcaíno
gave to various locations throughout the region have survived to the present time, whereas nearly
every one of Cabrillo’s has faded from use. For example, Cabrillo gave the name “San Miguel”
to the first port at which he stopped in what is now the United States; 60 years later, Vizcaíno
changed the port name to “San Diego” (Rolle 1969).
Spanish Colonial Period (1769 to 1821)
The Spanish occupation of the claimed territory of Alta California took place during the
reign of King Carlos III of Spain (Engelhardt 1920). A representative of the king in Mexico,
Jose de Gálvez, conceived the plan to colonize Alta California and thereby secure the area for the
Spanish (Rolle 1969). The effort involved both military and religious components, where the
overall intent of establishing forts and missions was to gain control of the land and the native
inhabitants through conversion. Actual colonization of the San Diego area began on July 16,
1769 when the first Spanish exploring party, commanded by Gaspar de Portolá (with Father
Junípero Serra in charge of religious conversion of the native populations), arrived by the
overland route to San Diego to secure California for the Spanish (Palou 1926). The natural
attraction of the harbor at San Diego and the establishment of a military presence in the area
solidified the importance of San Diego to the Spanish colonization of the region and the growth
of the civilian population.
Missions were constructed from San Diego to the area as far north as San Francisco. The
mission locations were based upon a number of important territorial, military, and religious
considerations. Grants of land were made to those who applied, but many tracts reverted back to
the government due to lack of use. As an extension of territorial control by the Spanish Empire,
each mission was placed so as to command as much territory and as large a population as
possible. While primary access to California during the Spanish Period was by sea, the route of
El Camino Real served as the land route for transportation, commercial, and military activities
within the colony. This route was considered to be the most direct path between the missions
(Rolle 1969; Caughey 1970). As increasing numbers of Spanish and Mexican peoples, as well as
the later Americans during the Gold Rush, settled in the area, the Indian populations diminished
as they were displaced or decimated by disease (Carrico and Taylor 1983).
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Mexican Period (1821 to 1846)
On September 16, 1810, the priest Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla started a revolt
against Spanish rule. He and his untrained Native American followers fought against the
Spanish, but his revolt was unsuccessful and Father Hidalgo was executed. After this setback,
Father Jose Morales led the revolutionaries, but also failed and was executed. These two men
are still symbols of Mexican liberty and patriotism. After the Mexican-born Spanish and the
Catholic Church joined the revolution, Spain was finally defeated in 1821. Mexican
Independence Day is celebrated on September 16 of each year, signifying the anniversary of the
start of Father Hidalgo’s revolt. The revolution had repercussions in the northern territories, and
by 1834, all of the mission lands had been removed from the control of the Franciscan Order
under the Acts of Secularization. Without proper maintenance, the missions quickly began to
disintegrate, and after 1836, missionaries ceased to make regular visits inland to minister the
needs of the Native Americans (Engelhardt 1920). Large tracts of land continued to be granted
to those who applied or who had gained favor with the Mexican government. Grants of land
were made to settle government debts, and the Mexican government was also called upon to
reaffirm some older Spanish land grants shortly before the Mexican-American War of 1846
(Moyer 1969).
Anglo-American Period (1846 to Present)
California was invaded by United States troops during the Mexican-American War from
1846 to 1848. The acquisition of strategic Pacific ports and California land was one of the
principal objectives of the war (Price 1967). At the time, the inhabitants of California were
practically defenseless, and they quickly surrendered to the United States Navy in July 1847
(Bancroft 1885).
The cattle ranchers of the “counties” of southern California prospered during the cattle
boom of the early 1850s. They were able to “reap windfall profit … pay taxes and lawyer’s bills
… and generally live according to custom” (Pitt 1966). However, cattle ranching soon declined,
contributing to the expansion of agriculture. With the passage of the “No Fence Act” of 1872,
San Diego’s economy shifted from raising cattle to farming (Robinson 1948). The act allowed
for the expansion of unfenced farms, which was crucial in an area where fencing material was
practically unavailable. Five years after its passage, most of the arable lands in San Diego
County had been patented as either ranchos or homesteads, and growing grain crops replaced
raising cattle in many of the county’s inland valleys (Blick 1976; Elliott 1883 [1965]).
By 1870, farmers had learned to dry farm and were coping with some of the peculiarities
of San Diego County’s climate (San Diego Union 1868; Van Dyke 1886). Between 1869 and
1871, the amount of cultivated acreage in the county rose from less than 5,000, to more than
20,000 acres (San Diego Union 1872). Of course, droughts continued to hinder the development
of agriculture (Crouch 1915; San Diego Union 1870; Shipek 1977). Large-scale farming in San
Diego County was limited by a lack of water and the small size of arable valleys. The small DRAFT
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urban population and poor roads also restricted commercial crop growing. Meanwhile, cattle
continued to be grazed in parts of inland San Diego County. In the Otay Mesa area, for example,
the “No Fence Act” had little effect upon cattle farmers because ranches were spaced far apart
and natural ridges kept the cattle out of nearby growing crops (Gordinier 1966).
During the first two decades of the twentieth century, the population of San Diego
County continued to grow. The population of the inland county declined during the 1890s, but
between 1900 and 1910, it rose by about 70.00 percent. The pioneering efforts were over, the
railroads had broken the relative isolation of southern California, and life in San Diego County
became similar to other communities throughout the west. After World War I, the history of San
Diego County was primarily determined by the growth of San Diego Bay. In 1919, the United
States Navy decided to make the bay the home base for the Pacific Fleet (Pourade 1967), as did
the aircraft industry in the 1920s (Heiges 1976). The establishment of these industries led to the
growth of the county as a whole; however, most of the civilian population growth occurred in the
north county coastal areas where the population almost tripled between 1920 and 1930. During
this time period, the history of inland San Diego County was subsidiary to that of the city of San
Diego, which had become a Navy center and industrial city (Heiges 1976). In inland San Diego
County, agriculture became specialized, and recreational areas were established in the mountain
and desert areas. Just before World War II, urbanization began to spread to the inland parts of
the county.
General History of the Poway Area
During the historic period, the region was used for agricultural purposes from the late
eighteenth century until well into the twentieth century. In 1828, Paguay (as the valley used to
be known) was mentioned as a rancho of Mission San Diego de Alcalá (Stein 1975; see also
Hassan 1993). On September 7, 1839, Mexican Governor Juan B. Alvarado granted Rancho
Paguay to Don Rosario Aguilar. The Departmental Council of the Mexican Government
accepted this concession on May 22, 1840. Don Aguilar was, as were all grantees, required to
build a house on the property within a year and mark the boundaries with trees. However, there
is no record of the Aguilar family ever having made an effort to submit a claim to the United
States Land Office. Rancho Paguay was listed as an unclaimed land grant in 1861.
Meanwhile, Francisco Alvarado, the owner of Rancho Peñasquitos, was grazing cattle on
Paguay and paying taxes on that land (Hassan 1993). By some preemptory right, he was able to
complete a private sale to Philip Crosthwaite for half of the Rancho Paguay (also recorded as
Paui). The General Land Office (GLO) did not confirm ownership of the Poway Valley to
Alvarado when it provided a patent to Rancho Peñasquitos, thereby placing the validity of
Crosthwaite’s title in question. On October 26, 1855, Crosthwaite filed a preemption claim for
160 acres in the valley (San Diego County Recorder). There was an old adobe house on the
property, but it was in ruins, so he constructed a new one for his family. In 1861, Matilda
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(Hassan 1993; Smith 1989). Several land patents were then made in the valley, as this was the
method of choice for early settlement in what was to become the community of Poway (Hassan
1993).
The early use of the valley by immigrant farmers and ranchers was largely focused upon
grazing cattle and some sheep. Before the “No Fence Act” of the 1870s reached California,
livestock owners could not be held responsible for damage caused to farmer’s crops. Since
barbed wire had not yet been invented and fencing was prohibitively expensive, farming on a
large scale was not practical. Nevertheless, nearly every farmstead maintained a kitchen plot
where food was produced for the household. The “No Fence Act” had the effect of stimulating
the emergence of farming by making the ranchers responsible for damage that their livestock
might cause. This period was marked by an increase in farming interest statewide, as well as in
the Poway Valley. During the late 1800s in Poway, crops largely consisted of grains, but fruit
trees were added wherever a shallow water table would allow. Some beef cattle were introduced
in the 1870s, as were grapes and other cash crops. Kitchen gardens remained a common sight in
the valley until late in the twentieth century.
Costanos Paine became the first road overseer for the Poway District, appointed by the
County Board of Supervisors in 1870. That same year, Paine was selected as the election official
for Poway and became the first postmaster (Hassan 1993; Salley 1977). The designation of the
Poway Post Office solidified the place name for a valley that had been variously spelled and
pronounced since Spanish times. The early 1870s also saw the first school.
Late in the 1870s, the government township surveys were completed and land patents
could proceed with confidence. Although a prolonged drought caused a marked decrease in the
number of registered voters in Poway, the boom of the 1880s saw an influx of farming families
to the valley. Honeybees were introduced as an industry in the 1870s, stimulating a variety in
cash crops, especially fruits (Hassan 1993).
The next decade witnessed the return of normal rainfall and an influx of farmers. For the
first time, the Great Register of Voters identified non-farming occupations among the new
arrivals. By the 1890s, subdivision of the land patents became commonplace. Also during this
period, names familiar to present-day Poway residents appeared. Stalwarts such as French,
Hilleary, Dearborn, and Blaisdell were active in the community.
Telephone service was extended to Poway in 1884, when an attempt to subdivide a
portion of the valley with strict covenants, codes, and restrictions (CC&Rs) was only moderately
successful in a monetary sense (Hassan 1993). This was Baird & Chapin’s Piermont Subdivision
located east of Pomerado Road and north of Poway Road. Even though the effort to subdivide
failed by 1887, Piermont did succeed in establishing the concept of a town center with businesses
clustered in one area. Other ideas proffered by Baird & Chapin, such as temperance, the
preservation of established trees, and inclusion of public grounds, are common elements in
today’s urban planning. In the last part of the century, rapid transportation and water became
issues. Railroad plans never materialized and it was not until well into the twentieth century that DRAFT
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the water issue was resolved. Fortunately, Poway continued to grow in spite of the setbacks and
issues associated with increasing population and land-use pressures.
Commercial grape growing for both raisins and winemaking became popular, as did the
establishment of peaches as a cash crop after the turn of the century. Attempts to establish land
subdivisions continued with such names as Pompeii in west Poway and Homer Hanson’s Big
Stone in southwest Poway along Beeler Creek.
The extension of Highway 395 to the area that became known as Big Stone was the
stimulus for development of travel-related facilities in southwest Poway. By September 3, 1921,
Poway Road had been paved with concrete from the foot of old Poway Grade (about where
Scripps Poway Parkway and Pomerado Road currently intersect) to about Lake Hodges (van
Dam 1983). At that time, Poway was connected to Lakeside by a road located where Sycamore
Canyon Road is today. The old road to San Diego followed the approximate route of Pomerado
Road, then down Murphy Canyon from Scripps Ranch. The east end of Poway Road led up to
Ramona and both Pomerado and Espola roads led north. The rural character of Poway survived
the development of roads and modern services for much of the twentieth century. Post-World
War II, an influx of people led to the increasing need to incorporate the new City of Poway in
1980. The “City in the Country” theme characterizes the City’s plan to keep the rural charm of
Poway intact while expanding the city’s modern development.
3.4 Research Goals
The primary goal of the research design is to attempt to understand the way in which
humans have used the land and resources within the project area through time, as well as to aid
in the determination of resource significance. For the current project, the study area under
investigation is the western portion of San Diego County. The scope of work for the
archaeological program conducted for the project included the survey of the approximately 117-
acre project and significance testing of two prehistoric milling stations. Given the area involved
and the narrow focus of the cultural resources study, the research design for this project was
necessarily limited and general in nature. Since the main objective of the investigation was to
identify the presence and potential significance of cultural resources, and to evaluate potential
impacts to those resources, the goal here is not necessarily to answer wide-reaching theories
regarding the development of early southern California, but to investigate the role and
importance of the identified resources. Nevertheless, the assessment of the significance of a
resource must take into consideration a variety of characteristics, as well as the ability of the
resource to address regional research topics and issues.
Although survey-level investigations are limited in terms of the amount of information
available, several specific research questions were developed that could be used to guide the
initial investigations of any observed cultural resources. The following research questions take
into account the size and location of the project discussed above.
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Research Questions:
• Can located cultural resources be situated with a specific time period, population, or
individual?
• Do the types of located cultural resources allow a site activity/function to be
determined from a preliminary investigation? What are the site activities? What is
the site function? What resources were exploited?
• How do the located sites compare to others reported from different surveys conducted
in the area?
• How do the located sites fit existing models of settlement and subsistence for the
region?
Data Needs
At the survey level, the principal research objective is a generalized investigation of
changing settlement patterns in both the prehistoric and historic periods within the study area.
The overall goal is to understand settlement and resource procurement patterns of the project
area occupants. Therefore, adequate information on site function, context, and chronology from
an archaeological perspective is essential for the investigation. The fieldwork and archival
research were undertaken with these primary research goals in mind:
1) To identify cultural resources occurring within the project;
2) To determine, if possible, site type and function, context of the deposit, and
chronological placement of each cultural resource identified;
3) To place each cultural resource identified within a regional perspective; and
4) To provide recommendations for the treatment of each of the cultural resources
identified. DRAFT
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4.0 METHODOLOGY
The archaeological program for The Farms in Poway Project consisted of an institutional
records search, an intensive pedestrian survey of approximately 117 acres, and the significance
evaluation of two cultural resources. This archaeological study conformed to CEQA and City of
Poway guidelines to determine the potential impacts to cultural resources as a result of the project’s
approval. Statutory requirements of CEQA and subsequent legislation (Section 15064.5) were
followed in evaluating the significance of the cultural resources encountered. Specific definitions
for archaeological resource type(s) used in this report are those established by the State Historic
Preservation Office (1995).
4.1 Archaeological Records Search
The records search conducted by the SCIC at SDSU included a one-mile radius from the
project’s boundaries in order to determine the presence of any previously recorded sites within or
around the APE. Records searches were conducted both by BFSA and RECON. Results of the
BFSA records search are provided in Appendix C and discussed in Section 5.1. The SCIC also
provided the standard review of the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) and the Office
of Historic Preservation (OHP) Historic Property Directory. Land patent records, held by the
Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and accessible through the BLM GLO website, were also
reviewed for pertinent project information. In addition, the BFSA research library was consulted
for any relevant historical information.
4.2 Field Methodology
The field effort for the Farms in Poway Project was conducted in two phases: a Phase I
survey conducted by RECON and Phase II significance testing conducted by BFSA. BFSA also
conducted an updated archaeological reconnaissance of the property in 2018. Photographs were
taken to document both phases of the field investigation and all associated features and surface
artifacts within the APE were mapped using a Trimble Geo XT Global Positioning System (GPS)
unit equipped with TerraSync software. During both phases of fieldwork, ground visibility
throughout the APE was approximately 10.00 to 75.00 percent, with moderate to dense ground
cover.
4.2.1 Archaeological Survey
In accordance with both CEQA and City of Poway guidelines, an intensive pedestrian
survey was conducted by RECON archaeologists on September 22, 2017 as part of the Phase I
field investigation. The RECON report (Price and Shultz 2020) has been appended to this study
as Appendix E. The purpose of this survey was to identify and locate any cultural resources present
within the property. As a result of the Phase I field investigations, RECON identified two
prehistoric archaeological sites (P-37-038732 and P-37-038733). Both sites are characterized as DRAFT
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isolated bedrock milling stations associated with the Late Prehistoric Native American occupation
of the area. The reconnaissance conducted by BFSA did not identify any additional cultural
resources on the property. The BFSA review included the off-site sewer and roadway alignments.
4.2.2 Significance Testing
The second phase of the field investigations consisted of significance testing of the two
archaeological sites that would be impacted by development. Phase II testing was conducted by
BFSA on September 24, 2019. Testing at the two prehistoric milling sites consisted of detailed
recordation of the sites and associated features, collection of any surface artifacts present,
completion of subsurface shovel test pits (STPs), and a significance evaluation. Documentation
of the bedrock milling features at P-37-038732 and P-37-038733 included mapping the features
via GPS, recording measurements, and photographing all of their components. The bedrock
milling features were recorded on data forms developed specifically for recording milling surfaces
and documenting the length, width, and depth of each milling surface, the type of milling surface
(slick, mortar, collar, etc.), and general overall characteristics. In certain areas of the bedrock
milling features, accumulated soils were removed from the surface of the bedrock in order to
expose the entirety of the feature. Additionally, photographs were taken to document the overall
surroundings and specific components of the sites (milling surfaces, rock features, etc.).
The STPs excavated as part of Phase II evaluations were completed to determine if any
subsurface cultural deposits were present. Placement of the STPs was dependent upon the
locations of the milling features and surrounding rocks and trees. The STPs were approximately
30 centimeters in diameter and excavated to a maximum depth of 30 centimeters below ground
surface, where sufficient soils remained. All excavated soils were screened through one-eighth-
inch mesh hardware cloth. Formal one-meter-square archaeological test units were not required
for this project, as the STPs failed to locate any subsurface deposits or indications of focused
Native American use of these locations.
4.3 Laboratory Methodology
In keeping with generally accepted archaeological procedures, any artifacts collected
during archaeological investigations are categorized as to artifact form, mineralogy, and function.
Comparative collections curated in the BFSA laboratory are often helpful in identifying unusual
or highly fragmentary specimens. The cataloging process for specimens utilizes a classification
system commonly employed in this region. After cataloging and identification, the collections are
marked with the appropriate provenience and catalog information, then packaged for permanent
curation. No radiocarbon dating or other specialized studies were conducted based upon the lack
of materials recovered from the project. Although no artifacts were identified on the surface of
the two archaeological sites and none were recovered from the archaeological testing program, the
methodology will be followed in the event that any artifacts are uncovered during any future
archaeological investigations at this project. DRAFT
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4.4 Report Preparation and Recordation
This report contains information regarding previous archaeological studies in the vicinity
of the project, statutory requirements for the project, a brief description of the setting, research
methods employed, and the overall results of the field investigations. The report includes all
appropriate illustrations and tabular information needed to make a complete and comprehensive
presentation of these activities, including the methodologies employed and the personnel involved.
A copy of this report will be placed with the SCIC at SDSU. The cultural resources discovered
during the survey of the project have been recorded on appropriate DPR forms and filed with the
SCIC (Appendix B).
4.5 Native American Consultation
The analysis of site components and artifacts did not indicate Native American religious,
ritual, or other special activities at this location. In addition, BFSA requested a review of the
Sacred Lands Files (SLF) by the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) to determine if
any recorded Native American sacred sites or locations of religious or ceremonial importance are
present within one mile of the project. The NAHC SLF search did not indicate the presence of a
sacred site within the search radius. A list of Native American contacts was also provided by the
NAHC. In accordance with the recommendations of the NAHC, BFSA contacted all Native
American consultants listed in the NAHC response letter to request any relevant information
concerning the property. This request is not part of any Assembly Bill (AB) 52 Native American
consultation. As of the date of this report, BFSA has received six responses. The Kumeyaay
Cultural Repatriation Committee, Viejas Band of Kumeyaay Indians, and Sycuan Band of the
Kumeyaay Nation stated that they were aware of cultural resources in the area and requested that
a Kumeyaay monitor be present during all ground disturbing activities for the project. The Jamul
Indian Village of California requested background information and the SCIC records search for
the project. The Rincon Band of Luiseño Indians indicated that although they do not have
knowledge of cultural resources within or adjacent to the project, the project is located within
Rincon’s specific area of historic interest. The Rincon Band also requested a copy of the SCIC
records search. The Pala Band of Mission Indians stated that the project is not within the
boundaries of the Pala Indian Reservation or their Traditional Use Area and deferred to tribes more
local to the project area. Original correspondence is provided in Appendix D.
4.6 Applicable Regulations
Resource importance is assigned to districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects that
possess exceptional value or quality illustrating or interpreting the heritage of the city of Poway in
history, architecture, archaeology, engineering, and culture. A number of criteria are used in
demonstrating resource importance. Specifically, criteria outlined in CEQA provide the guidance
for making such a determination. The following section details the CEQA criteria that a resource
must meet in order to be determined important. DRAFT
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4.6.1 California Environmental Quality Act
According to CEQA (§15064.5a), the term “historical resource” includes the following:
1) A resource listed in, or determined to be eligible by the State Historical Resources
Commission for listing in, the California Register of Historical Resources (Public
Resources Code SS5024.1, Title 14 CCR. Section 4850 et seq.).
2) A resource included in a local register of historical resources, as defined in Section
5020.1(k) of the Public Resources Code or identified as significant in a historical
resource survey meeting the requirements of Section 5024.1(g) of the Public Resources
Code, shall be presumed to be historically or culturally significant. Public agencies
must treat any such resource as significant unless the preponderance of evidence
demonstrates that it is not historically or culturally significant.
3) Any object, building, structure, site, area, place, record, or manuscript that a lead
agency determines to be historically significant or significant in the architectural,
engineering, scientific, economic, agricultural, educational, social, political, military,
or cultural annals of California may be considered to be a historical resource, provided
the lead agency’s determination is supported by substantial evidence in light of the
whole record. Generally, a resource shall be considered by the lead agency to be
“historically significant” if the resource meets the criteria for listing on the California
Register of Historical Resources (Public Resources Code SS5024.1, Title 14, Section
4852) including the following:
a) Is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad
patterns of California’s history and cultural heritage;
b) Is associated with the lives of persons important in our past;
c) Embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, region, or method of
construction, or represents the work of an important creative individual, or
possesses high artistic values; or
d) Has yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or
history.
4) The fact that a resource is not listed in, or determined eligible for listing in the
California Register of Historical Resources, not included in a local register of historical
resources (pursuant to Section 5020.1[k] of the Public Resources Code), or identified
in a historical resources survey (meeting the criteria in Section 5024.1[g] of the Public
Resources Code) does not preclude a lead agency from determining that the resource
may be a historical resource as defined in Public Resources Code Section 5020.1(j) or
5024.1.
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According to CEQA (§15064.5b), a project with an effect that may cause a substantial
adverse change in the significance of a historical resource is a project that may have a significant
effect on the environment. CEQA defines a substantial adverse change as:
1) Substantial adverse change in the significance of an historical resource means
physical demolition, destruction, relocation, or alteration of the resource or its
immediate surroundings such that the significance of a historical resource would be
materially impaired.
2) The significance of a historical resource is materially impaired when a project:
a) Demolishes or materially alters in an adverse manner those physical
characteristics of an historical resource that convey its historical significance
and that justify its inclusion in, or eligibility for, inclusion in the California
Register of Historical Resources; or
b) Demolishes or materially alters in an adverse manner those physical
characteristics that account for its inclusion in a local register of historical
resources pursuant to Section 5020.1(k) of the Public Resources Code or its
identification in a historical resources survey meeting the requirements of
Section 5024.1(g) of the Public Resources Code, unless the public agency
reviewing the effects of the project establishes by a preponderance of evidence
that the resource is not historically or culturally significant; or,
c) Demolishes or materially alters in an adverse manner those physical
characteristics of a historical resource that convey its historical significance and
that justify its eligibility for inclusion in the California Register of Historical
Resources as determined by a lead agency for purposes of CEQA.
Section 15064.5(c) of CEQA applies to effects upon archaeological sites and contains the
following additional provisions regarding archaeological sites:
1) When a project will impact an archaeological site, a lead agency shall first determine
whether the site is a historical resource, as defined in subsection (a).
2) If a lead agency determines that the archaeological site is a historical resource, it shall
refer to the provisions of Section 21084.1 of the Public Resources Code, Section
15126.4 of the guidelines, and the limits contained in Section 21083.2 of the Public
Resources Code do not apply.
3) If an archaeological site does not meet the criteria defined in subsection (a), but does
meet the definition of a unique archaeological resource in Section 21083.2 of the Public
Resources Code, the site shall be treated in accordance with the provisions of Section
21083.2. The time and cost limitations described in Public Resources Code Section DRAFT
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21083.2 (c-f) do not apply to surveys and site evaluation activities intended to
determine whether the project location contains unique archaeological resources.
4) If an archaeological resource is neither a unique archaeological nor historical resource,
the effects of the project upon those resources shall not be considered a significant
effect upon the environment. It shall be sufficient that both the resource and the effect
upon it are noted in the Initial Study or Environmental Impact Report, if one is prepared
to address impacts on other resources, but they need not be considered further in the
CEQA process.
Section 15064.5 (d) and (e) contain additional provisions regarding human remains.
Regarding Native American human remains, paragraph (d) provides:
(d) When an initial study identifies the existence of, or the probable likelihood, of Native
American human remains within the project, a lead agency shall work with the
appropriate Native Americans as identified by the NAHC as provided in Public
Resources Code SS5097.98. The applicant may develop an agreement for treating or
disposing of, with appropriate dignity, the human remains and any items associated
with Native American burials with the appropriate Native Americans as identified by
the NAHC. Action implementing such an agreement is exempt from:
1) The general prohibition on disinterring, disturbing, or removing human
remains from any location other than a dedicated cemetery (Health and
Safety Code Section 7050.5).
2) The requirements of CEQA and the Coastal Act. DRAFT
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5.0 RESULTS
5.1 Records Search Results
An archaeological records search for the APE and surrounding area was conducted by the
SCIC at SDSU. As a result of the records search completed by BFSA, no cultural resources were
reported to be located within the subject property. However, a total of 68 cultural resources and
one historic address were reported within a one-mile radius of the project. The majority of the
recorded resources are prehistoric (N=62), and include 36 bedrock milling sites, 21 lithic and/or
artifact scatters, two rock art sites, one possible habitation site, and three isolated artifacts. The
remaining six sites are historic in age, and consist of masonry wall fragments, two historic
foundations, a historic single-family residence with ancillary buildings, and two utility poles. The
recorded sites are presented in Table 5.1–1 (Appendix F).
In order to complete the records search, the SCIC reviewed the following historic
resources:
• The OHP, Archaeological Determinations of Eligibility (2013)
• The OHP, Directory of Properties in the Historic Property Data File (2013)
• The 1:24,000 USGS Escondido (1948) topographic map
• The 1:24,000 USGS Poway (1952; culture and drainage revised 1950) topographic map
• San Diego County 1872 map
• San Diego County historic roads (1769 to 1885) map
BFSA also requested a records search of the SLF of the NAHC. The NAHC SLF search
did not indicate the presence of a sacred site within the search radius. A list of Native American
contacts was also provided by the NAHC. In accordance with the recommendations of the NAHC,
BFSA contacted all Native American consultants listed in the NAHC response letter to request
any relevant information concerning the property. As of the date of this report, BFSA has received
six responses. Original correspondence is provided in Appendix D.
5.2 Results of the Field Survey
Phase I of the archaeological investigation was conducted by RECON on September 22,
2017 and consisted of an intensive pedestrian survey (Price and Shultz 2020). BFSA conducted
an updated archaeological reconnaissance in 2018 that confirmed the RECON results. At the time
of the survey, ground visibility ranged from approximately 10 to 75 percent throughout the
property. The cover of grass and landscaping from the former golf course limited ground visibility
over much of the golf fairways and greens (Plate 5.2–1). The previous grading of the golf course
likely affected any cultural resources that may have existed on the property prior to development.
Likewise, the operation of the golf course over 40 years has likely masked or destroyed any
remaining evidence of prehistoric occupation of the property. DRAFT
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However, the RECON survey (Price and Shultz 2020) resulted in the identification of two
previously unrecorded prehistoric archaeological sites, which have been designated as P-37-
038732 and P-37-038733 (Figure 5.2–1). Both sites are characterized as very limited bedrock
milling locations where Native Americans processed collected food (typically seeds) by grinding
it on the bedrock prior to consumption. Neither RECON nor BFSA identified any surface artifacts
in association with the bedrock milling features. The prehistoric sites identified within the project
are reflections of the Late Prehistoric subsistence pattern in the foothill region of San Diego
County. The sites share common traits of milling features associated with food collecting and
processing.
5.3 Results of Significance Testing
The proposed development of The Farms in Poway Project parcel will directly impact Sites
P-37-038732 and P-37-038733 discovered within the property. In order to evaluate potential
impacts to the cultural resources, the two sites were mapped in detail and the bedrock milling
features were recorded. BFSA conducted subsurface testing at the two sites on September 24,
2019. In addition to the field tasks of site mapping and recordation, both sites were also subjected
to STP excavations to determine the presence/absence of subsurface deposits of cultural materials
in association with the bedrock milling features. The following subsections detail the results of
significance testing at both sites.
Plate 5.2–1: Overview of Site P-37-038732, facing northwest. DRAFT
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Figure 5.2–1
Cultural Resource Location Map
(Deleted for Public Review; Bound Separately)
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5.3.1 Site P-37-038732
Site Description
Archaeological Site P-37-038732 is a prehistoric milling station located within a cluster of
boulders and large trees (both palm and eucalyptus) that served as a delineation of one of the golf
course fairways. The boulders located in this cluster appear to be both original to the location and
also relocated rocks, likely as part of the grading of the project for the golf course. Certainly, the
setting of the bedrock milling station is completely altered from the context when utilized by the
Native American occupants of the area. The site is characterized as disturbed, although the
bedrock milling boulder does not appear to have been relocated during grading of the golf course.
The overall site boundaries are limited to an area of three by two meters. An overview of Site P-
37-038732 is provided in Plate 5.3–1.
On September 24, 2019, BFSA conducted significance testing at Site P-37-038732. No
surface artifacts were identified and the single bedrock milling feature identified (BMF A) was
mapped, drawn, measured, and photographed. Subsurface investigations were conducted to
determine if any cultural materials were present in association with the milling feature. The
locations of the three negative STPs and BMF A are shown on Figure 5.3–1.
Plate 5.3–1: Overview of Site P-37-038732, facing north. DRAFT
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Figure 5.3–1
Archaeological Investigation Map
Site P-37-038732
(Deleted for Public Review; Bound Separately)
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Surface Investigation
One bedrock milling feature (BMF A) was identified during the surface investigation. Two
milling slicks were identified on the boulder. Dimensions and a description of the milling elements
can be found in Table 5.3–1. A photograph of the milling feature and milling element can be found
in Plate 5.3–2. The location of BMF A can be seen on Figure 5.3–1.
Table 5.3–1
Bedrock Milling Feature Data
Site P-37-038732
Feature Milling
Surface Type Dimensions (cm)
Length Width Depth
A 1 Slick 19.0 14.0 0.1
2 17.0 12.0 0.1
Plate 5.3–2: BMF A at Site P-37-038732, facing northwest. DRAFT
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Subsurface Investigation
The potential for subsurface cultural deposits at Site P-37-038732 was investigated through
the excavation of three STPs. The STPs were excavated to a minimum depth of 30 centimeters or
to the depth where sterile soils were encountered. Excavation of the STPs was used to identify
any concentrations of subsurface cultural deposits. Shovel tests were placed adjacent to the
bedrock milling feature (see Figure 5.3–1). All three STPs were negative for cultural materials
(Table 5.3–2).
Table 5.3–2
Shovel Test Excavation Data
Site P-37-038732
Shovel
Test
Depth
(cm) Object Name Material Type Quantity
1
0-10
No Recovery 10-20
20-30
2 0-10 No Recovery 0-20
3
0-10
No Recovery 10-20
20-30
Summary
One bedrock milling feature with two milling slicks (BMF A) was identified at Site P-37-
038732. No artifacts were identified on the surface of the site or in the STP excavations. Based
upon the information derived from the site, this resource has been determined to be not CEQA-
significant. The site retains no additional research potential and the milling feature represents the
most common type of prehistoric resource in the city of Poway and the surrounding county of San
Diego.
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5.3.2 Site P-37-038733
Site Description
Archaeological Site P-37-038733 is a prehistoric milling station located within a cluster of
boulders and large trees (both palm and eucalyptus) that served as a delineation of one of the golf
course fairways. The site contains two adjacent boulders with milling surfaces. Much like Site P-
37-038732, the boulders that characterize this site appear to be both original to the location and
also relocated rocks, likely as part of the grading of the project for the golf course. Certainly, the
setting of the bedrock milling station is completely altered from the context when utilized by the
Native American occupants of the area. The site is characterized as disturbed, although the
bedrock milling boulders do not appear to have been relocated during grading of the golf course.
The overall site boundaries are limited to an area of five by three meters. An overview of Site P-
37-038733 is provided in Plate 5.3–3.
On September 24, 2019, BFSA conducted significance testing at Site P-37-038733. No
surface artifacts were identified and the two bedrock milling features identified (BMFs A and B)
were mapped, drawn, measured, and photographed. Subsurface investigations were conducted to
determine if any cultural materials were present in association with the milling features. The
locations of the three negative STPs and BMFs A and B are shown on Figure 5.3–2.
Plate 5.3–3: Overview of Site P-37-038733, facing south. DRAFT
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Figure 5.3–2
Archaeological Investigation Map
Site P-37-038733
(Deleted for Public Review; Bound Separately)
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Surface Investigation
Two bedrock milling features (BMFs A and B) were identified during the surface
investigation. Three milling slicks were identified on BMF A and one milling basin was identified
on BMF B. Dimensions and a description of the milling elements can be found in Table 5.3–3.
Photographs of the milling features and milling elements can be found in Plates 5.3–4 and 5.3–5.
The locations of BMFs A and B can be seen on Figure 5.3–2.
Table 5.3–3
Bedrock Milling Feature Data
Site P-37-038733
Feature Milling
Surface Type Dimensions (cm)
Length Width Depth
A
1
Slick
13.0 13.0 0.1
2 23.0 14.0 0.1
3 27.0 14.0 0.3
B 1 Basin 38.0 27.0 5.0
Plate 5.3–4: BMF A at Site P-37-038733, facing west. DRAFT
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Subsurface Investigation
The potential for subsurface cultural deposits at Site P-37-038733 was investigated through
the excavation of three STPs. The STPs were excavated to a minimum depth of 30 centimeters or
to the depth where sterile soils were encountered. Excavation of the STPs was used to identify
any concentrations of subsurface deposits. Shovel tests were placed adjacent to the bedrock
milling features (see Figure 5.3–2). All STPs were negative for cultural materials (Table 5.3–4).
Table 5.3–4
Shovel Test Excavation Data
Site P-37-038733
Shovel
Test
Depth
(cm) Object Name Material Type Quantity
1
0-10
No Recovery 10-20
20-30
2 0-10 No Recovery 0-20
3
0-10
No Recovery 10-20
20-30
Plate 5.3–5: BMF B at Site P-37-038733, facing west. DRAFT
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Summary
Two bedrock milling features with a total of four milling surfaces (BMFs A and B)
characterize Site P-37-038733. No artifacts were identified on the surface of the site or in the STP
excavations. Based upon the information derived from the site, this resource has been determined
to be not CEQA-significant. The site retains no additional research potential and the milling
features represent the most common type of prehistoric resource in the city of Poway and the
surrounding county of San Diego.
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6.0 SIGNIFICANCE EVALUATIONS AND IMPACT ANALYSIS
The cultural resources assessment conducted at The Farms in Poway Project has provided
an inventory of the cultural resources located within the property, assessed those cultural
resources for significance, and evaluated potential impacts represented by the planned
development. The archaeological survey of the property by RECON identified two previously
unrecorded archaeological sites (P-37-038732 and P-37-038733). Subsequent investigation of
the sites revealed only bedrock milling features. No Native American artifacts were located
either on the surface of the sites or in the subsurface excavations. The bedrock milling features
indicate that prehistoric Native American activities within the property were focused upon floral
resource processing associated with the Late Prehistoric northern Kumeyaay who occupied this
area of San Diego County after approximately 500 B.C.
6.1 Site P-37-038732
Site P-37-038732 is a Late Prehistoric bedrock milling feature site characterized by a
single bedrock milling feature with two milling surfaces. No artifacts were identified in
association with the feature. The site has been previously disturbed and, due to the lack of
cultural materials recovered in association with the milling feature, Site P-37-038732 is
evaluated as not significant under CEQA criteria because it lacks the ability to provide future
research potential. Although Site P-37-038732 will be directly impacted by the development
project, no site-specific mitigation measures will be required as part of project approval.
6.2 Site P-37-038733
Site P-37-038733 is a Late Prehistoric temporary campsite that consists of two bedrock
milling features with a total of four milling surfaces. No artifacts were identified in association
with the features. The site has been previously disturbed and, due to the lack of cultural
materials recovered in association with the milling features, Site P-37-038733 is evaluated as not
significant under CEQA criteria because it lacks the ability to provide future research potential.
Although Site P-37-038733 will be directly impacted by the development project, no site-
specific mitigation measures will be required as part of project approval.
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7.0 RECOMMENDATIONS
The cultural resources study of The Farms in Poway Project has concluded that two non-
significant prehistoric sites (P-37-038732 and P-37-038733) will be directly impacted by the
development of this project. Because these sites have been evaluated as not significant, site-
specific mitigation measures will not be necessary. However, because the property was graded
before CEQA regulations were adopted in 1975, the potential exists that other cultural resources
were present on the property prior to grading. Because cultural resources could be masked or
buried beneath the graded golf course, monitoring of grading is recommended to locate and record
any resources that may be exposed by grading. An MMRP is recommended in Section 7.1.
7.1 Mitigation Monitoring
The grading for The Farms in Poway Project subdivision will directly impact two non-
significant sites. The grading may also disturb resources that were not previously identified.
Because of the potential to discover elements of the recorded sites that were not previously
detected, or to identify previously undiscovered prehistoric sites, all earth-disturbing activities
associated with the grading of streets and house pads, or associated with underground utilities,
shall be monitored by an archaeologist. Monitoring for the project during ground-disturbing
activities by a qualified archaeologist is recommended to ensure that if buried cultural deposits are
discovered during grading, these will be handled in a timely and proper manner according to the
protocols listed in the MMRP.
Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program
An MMRP to mitigate potential impacts to undiscovered, buried, or previously undetected
elements of any archaeological resources within The Farms in Poway Project shall be implemented
to the satisfaction of the lead agency. This program shall include, but not be limited to, the
following actions:
1) Prior to issuance of a grading permit, the applicant shall provide written verification
that a qualified archaeologist has been retained to implement the monitoring program.
This verification shall be presented in a letter from the project archaeologist to the lead
agency.
2) The certified archaeologist shall attend the pre-grading meeting with the contractors to
explain and coordinate the requirements of the monitoring program.
3) The consulting archaeologist shall direct the field monitor during grading of all areas
identified for development.
4) Native American monitoring will be required during grading, unless the certified
archaeologist determines that the potential for cultural resources has been exhausted.
The Native American monitors will be directed by the project archaeologist. DRAFT
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5) During the original cutting of previously undisturbed deposits, the archaeological
monitor and Native American representative shall be on-site, as determined by the
consulting archaeologist, to perform inspections of the excavations. Full- or part-time
inspections may be needed depending upon the rate of excavation, the materials
excavated, and the presence and abundance of artifacts and features.
6) Isolates and clearly non-significant deposits will be minimally documented in the field
so the monitored grading can proceed.
7) In the event that previously unidentified cultural resources are discovered, the
archaeologist shall have the authority to divert or temporarily halt ground-disturbance
operation in the area of discovery to allow for the evaluation of potentially significant
cultural resources. The archaeologist shall contact the lead agency at the time of
discovery. The archaeologist, in consultation with the lead agency, shall determine the
significance of the discovered resources. The lead agency must concur with the
evaluation before construction activities will be allowed to resume in the affected area.
For significant cultural resources that are discovered and which will be destroyed by
grading, a Research Design and Data Recovery Program to mitigate impacts shall be
prepared by the consulting archaeologist and approved by the lead agency before being
carried out using professional archaeological methods. If any human remains are
discovered, all grading at that location must stop and the county coroner and lead
agency shall be contacted. In the event that the remains are determined to be of Native
American origin, the Most Likely Descendant, as identified by the NAHC, shall be
contacted in order to determine proper treatment and disposition of the remains.
8) Before construction activities are allowed to resume in the location of any discovered
significant cultural deposits, the artifacts shall be recovered and features recorded using
professional archaeological methods. The archaeological monitor(s) shall determine
the amount of material to be recovered for an adequate artifact sample for analysis.
9) All cultural material collected during the grading monitoring program shall be
processed and curated according to the current professional repository standards. The
collections and associated records shall be transferred, including title, to an appropriate
curation facility, to be accompanied by payment of the fees necessary for permanent
curation.
10) A report documenting the field and analysis results and interpreting the artifact and
research data within the research context shall be completed and submitted to the
satisfaction of the lead agency prior to the issuance of any building permits. The report
will include DPR Primary and Archaeological Site Forms. DRAFT
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8.0 CERTIFICATION
I hereby certify that the statements furnished above and in the attached exhibits present
the data and information required for this archaeological report, and that the facts, statements,
and information presented are true and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief.
February 6, 2020
Brian F. Smith Date
Principal Investigator DRAFT
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9.0 REFERENCES
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Van Dyke, Theodore
1886 Southern California. Fords, Howard and Hulbert.
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A Cultural Resources Study for The Farms in Poway Project
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9.0–8
Warren, Claude N.
1964 Cultural Change and Continuity on the San Diego Coast. Unpublished Ph.D.
dissertation on file at the University of California, Los Angeles.
1966 The San Dieguito Type Site: Malcolm J. Rogers’ 1938 Excavation on the San
Dieguito River. San Diego Museum Papers No. 6. San Diego Museum of Man.
Warren, Claude N., Gretchen Siegler, and Frank Dittmer
1998 Paleoindian and Early Archaic Periods. In Prehistoric and Historic Archaeology of
Metropolitan San Diego: A Historical Properties Background Study (draft). Prepared
for and on file at ASM Affiliates, Inc., San Diego, California.
Waugh, Mary Georgie
1986 Intensification and Land-use: Archaeological Indications of Transition and
Transformation in a Late Prehistoric Complex in Southern California. Unpublished
Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis.
Winterrowd, Cathy L. and Sean Cardenas
1987 An Archaeological Indexing of a Portion of the Village of La Rinconada de Jamo
(SDI-5017/W-150). Unpublished report on file at the South Coastal Information
Center at San Diego State University, San Diego, California.
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A Cultural Resources Study for The Farms in Poway Project
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
APPENDIX A
Qualifications of Key Personnel
DRAFT
Brian F. Smith, MA
Owner, Principal Investigator
Brian F. Smith and Associates, Inc.
14010 Poway Road Suite A
Phone: (858) 679-8218 Fax: (858) 679-9896 E-Mail: bsmith@bfsa-ca.com
Education
Master of Arts, History, University of San Diego, California 1982
Bachelor of Arts, History, and Anthropology, University of San Diego, California 1975
Professional Memberships
Society for California Archaeology
Experience
Principal Investigator 1977–Present
Brian F. Smith and Associates, Inc. Poway, California
Brian F. Smith is the owner and principal historical and archaeological consultant for Brian F. Smith and
Associates. Over the past 32 years, he has conducted over 2,500 cultural resource studies in California,
Arizona, Nevada, Montana, and Texas. These studies include every possible aspect of archaeology
from literature searches and large-scale surveys to intensive data recovery excavations. Reports
prepared by Mr. Smith have been submitted to all facets of local, state, and federal review agencies,
including the US Army Crops of Engineers, the Bureau of Land Management, the Bureau of
Reclamation, the Department of Defense, and the Department of Homeland Security. In addition, Mr.
Smith has conducted studies for utility companies (Sempra Energy) and state highway departments
(CalTrans).
Professional Accomplishments
These selected major professional accomplishments represent research efforts that have added
significantly to the body of knowledge concerning the prehistoric life ways of cultures once present in
the Southern California area and historic settlement since the late 18th century. Mr. Smith has been
principal investigator on the following select projects, except where noted.
Downtown San Diego Mitigation and Monitoring Reporting Programs: Large numbers of downtown San
Diego mitigation and monitoring projects submitted to the Centre City Development Corporation, some
of which included Strata (2008), Hotel Indigo (2008), Lofts at 707 10th Avenue Project (2007), Breeza
(2007), Bayside at the Embarcadero (2007), Aria (2007), Icon (2007), Vantage Pointe (2007), Aperture
(2007), Sapphire Tower (2007), Lofts at 655 Sixth Avenue (2007), Metrowork (2007), The Legend (2006),
The Mark (2006), Smart Corner (2006), Lofts at 677 7th Avenue (2005), Aloft on Cortez Hill (2005), Front and DRAFT
Brian F. Smith and Associates, Inc. 2
Beech Apartments (2003), Bella Via Condominiums (2003), Acqua Vista Residential Tower (2003),
Northblock Lofts (2003), Westin Park Place Hotel (2001), Parkloft Apartment Complex (2001),
Renaissance Park (2001), and Laurel Bay Apartments (2001).
Archaeology at the Padres Ballpark: Involved the analysis of historic resources within a seven-block area
of the “East Village” area of San Diego, where occupation spanned a period from the 1870s to the
1940s. Over a period of two years, BFSA recovered over 200,000 artifacts and hundreds of pounds of
metal, construction debris, unidentified broken glass, and wood. Collectively, the Ballpark Project and
the other downtown mitigation and monitoring projects represent the largest historical archaeological
program anywhere in the country in the past decade (2000-2007).
4S Ranch Archaeological and Historical Cultural Resources Study: Data recovery program consisted of
the excavation of over 2,000 square meters of archaeological deposits that produced over one million
artifacts, containing primarily prehistoric materials. The archaeological program at 4S Ranch is the
largest archaeological study ever undertaken in the San Diego County area and has produced data
that has exceeded expectations regarding the resolution of long-standing research questions and
regional prehistoric settlement patterns.
Charles H. Brown Site: Attracted international attention to the discovery of evidence of the antiquity of
man in North America. Site located in Mission Valley, in the city of San Diego.
Del Mar Man Site: Study of the now famous Early Man Site in Del Mar, California, for the San Diego
Science Foundation and the San Diego Museum of Man, under the direction of Dr. Spencer Rogers and
Dr. James R. Moriarty.
Old Town State Park Projects: Consulting Historical Archaeologist. Projects completed in the Old Town
State Park involved development of individual lots for commercial enterprises. The projects completed
in Old Town include Archaeological and Historical Site Assessment for the Great Wall Cafe (1992),
Archaeological Study for the Old Town Commercial Project (1991), and Cultural Resources Site Survey at
the Old San Diego Inn (1988).
Site W-20, Del Mar, California: A two-year-long investigation of a major prehistoric site in the Del Mar
area of the city of San Diego. This research effort documented the earliest practice of
religious/ceremonial activities in San Diego County (circa 6,000 years ago), facilitated the projection of
major non-material aspects of the La Jolla Complex, and revealed the pattern of civilization at this site
over a continuous period of 5,000 years. The report for the investigation included over 600 pages, with
nearly 500,000 words of text, illustrations, maps, and photographs documenting this major study.
City of San Diego Reclaimed Water Distribution System: A cultural resource study of nearly 400 miles of
pipeline in the city and county of San Diego.
Master Environmental Assessment Project, City of Poway: Conducted for the City of Poway to produce
a complete inventory of all recorded historic and prehistoric properties within the city. The information
was used in conjunction with the City’s General Plan Update to produce a map matrix of the city
showing areas of high, moderate, and low potential for the presence of cultural resources. The effort
also included the development of the City’s Cultural Resource Guidelines, which were adopted as City
policy.
Draft of the City of Carlsbad Historical and Archaeological Guidelines: Contracted by the City of
Carlsbad to produce the draft of the City’s historical and archaeological guidelines for use by the
Planning Department of the City.
The Mid-Bayfront Project for the City of Chula Vista: Involved a large expanse of undeveloped
agricultural land situated between the railroad and San Diego Bay in the northwestern portion of the
city. The study included the analysis of some potentially historic features and numerous prehistoric sites. DRAFT
Brian F. Smith and Associates, Inc. 3
Cultural Resources Survey and Test of Sites Within the Proposed Development of the Audie Murphy
Ranch, Riverside County, California: Project manager/director of the investigation of 1,113.4 acres and
43 sites, both prehistoric and historic—included project coordination; direction of field crews; evaluation
of sites for significance based on County of Riverside and CEQA guidelines; assessment of cupule,
pictograph, and rock shelter sites, co-authoring of cultural resources project report. February-
September 2002.
Cultural Resources Evaluation of Sites Within the Proposed Development of the Otay Ranch Village 13
Project, San Diego County, California: Project manager/director of the investigation of 1,947 acres and
76 sites, both prehistoric and historic—included project coordination and budgeting; direction of field
crews; assessment of sites for significance based on County of San Diego and CEQA guidelines; co-
authoring of cultural resources project report. May-November 2002.
Cultural Resources Survey for the Remote Video Surveillance Project, El Centro Sector, Imperial County:
Project manager/director for a survey of 29 individual sites near the U.S./Mexico Border for proposed
video surveillance camera locations associated with the San Diego Border barrier Project—project
coordination and budgeting; direction of field crews; site identification and recordation; assessment of
potential impacts to cultural resources; meeting and coordinating with U.S. Army Corps of Engineers,
U.S. Border Patrol, and other government agencies involved; co-authoring of cultural resources project
report. January, February, and July 2002.
Cultural Resources Survey and Test of Sites Within the Proposed Development of the Menifee West GPA,
Riverside County, California: Project manager/director of the investigation of nine sites, both prehistoric
and historic—included project coordination and budgeting; direction of field crews; assessment of sites
for significance based on County of Riverside and CEQA guidelines; historic research; co-authoring of
cultural resources project report. January-March 2002.
Mitigation of An Archaic Cultural Resource for the Eastlake III Woods Project for the City of Chula Vista,
California: Project archaeologist/ director—included direction of field crews; development and
completion of data recovery program including collection of material for specialized faunal and
botanical analyses; assessment of sites for significance based on CEQA guidelines; management of
artifact collections cataloging and curation; data synthesis; co-authoring of cultural resources project
report, in prep. September 2001-March 2002.
Cultural Resources Survey and Test of Sites Within the Proposed French Valley Specific Plan/EIR, Riverside
County, California: Project manager/director of the investigation of two prehistoric and three historic
sites—included project coordination and budgeting; survey of project area; Native American
consultation; direction of field crews; assessment of sites for significance based on CEQA guidelines;
cultural resources project report in prep. July-August 2000.
Cultural Resources Survey and Test of Sites Within the Proposed Lawson Valley Project, San Diego
County, California: Project manager/director of the investigation of 28 prehistoric and two historic
sites—included project coordination; direction of field crews; assessment of sites for significance based
on CEQA guidelines; cultural resources project report in prep. July-August 2000.
Cultural Resource Survey and Geotechnical Monitoring for the Mohyi Residence Project, La Jolla,
California: Project manager/director of the investigation of a single-dwelling parcel—included project
coordination; field survey; assessment of parcel for potentially buried cultural deposits; monitoring of
geotechnichal borings; authoring of cultural resources project report. Brian F. Smith and Associates, San
Diego, California. June 2000.
Enhanced Cultural Resource Survey and Evaluation for the Prewitt/Schmucker/Cavadias Project, La
Jolla, California: Project manager/director of the investigation of a single-dwelling parcel—included
project coordination; direction of field crews; assessment of parcel for potentially buried cultural
deposits; authoring of cultural resources project report. June 2000. DRAFT
Brian F. Smith and Associates, Inc. 4
Cultural Resources Survey and Test of Sites Within the Proposed Development of the Menifee Ranch,
Riverside County, California: Project manager/director of the investigation of one prehistoric and five
historic sites—included project coordination and budgeting; direction of field crews; feature
recordation; historic structure assessments; assessment of sites for significance based on CEQA
guidelines; historic research; co-authoring of cultural resources project report. February-June 2000.
Salvage Mitigation of a Portion of the San Diego Presidio Identified During Water Pipe Construction for
the City of San Diego, California: Project archaeologist/director—included direction of field crews;
development and completion of data recovery program; management of artifact collections
cataloging and curation; data synthesis and authoring of cultural resources project report in prep. April
2000.
Enhanced Cultural Resource Survey and Evaluation for the Tyrian 3 Project, La Jolla, California: Project
manager/director of the investigation of a single-dwelling parcel—included project coordination;
assessment of parcel for potentially buried cultural deposits; authoring of cultural resources project
report. April 2000.
Enhanced Cultural Resource Survey and Evaluation for the Lamont 5 Project, Pacific Beach, California:
Project manager/director of the investigation of a single-dwelling parcel—included project
coordination; assessment of parcel for potentially buried cultural deposits; authoring of cultural
resources project report. April 2000.
Enhanced Cultural Resource Survey and Evaluation for the Reiss Residence Project, La Jolla, California:
Project manager/director of the investigation of a single-dwelling parcel—included project
coordination; assessment of parcel for potentially buried cultural deposits; authoring of cultural
resources project report. March-April 2000.
Salvage Mitigation of a Portion of Site SDM-W-95 (CA-SDI-211) for the Poinsettia Shores Santalina
Development Project and Caltrans, Carlsbad, California: Project achaeologist/ director—included
direction of field crews; development and completion of data recovery program; management of
artifact collections cataloging and curation; data synthesis and authoring of cultural resources project
report in prep. December 1999-January 2000.
Survey and Testing of Two Prehistoric Cultural Resources for the Airway Truck Parking Project, Otay Mesa,
California: Project archaeologist/director—included direction of field crews; development and
completion of testing recovery program; assessment of site for significance based on CEQA guidelines;
authoring of cultural resources project report, in prep. December 1999-January 2000.
Cultural Resources Phase I and II Investigations for the Tin Can Hill Segment of the Immigration and
Naturalization Services Triple Fence Project Along the International Border, San Diego County, California:
Project manager/director for a survey and testing of a prehistoric quarry site along the border—NRHP
eligibility assessment; project coordination and budgeting; direction of field crews; feature recordation;
meeting and coordinating with U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; co-authoring of cultural resources project
report. December 1999-January 2000.
Mitigation of a Prehistoric Cultural Resource for the Westview High School Project for the City of San
Diego, California: Project archaeologist/ director—included direction of field crews; development and
completion of data recovery program including collection of material for specialized faunal and
botanical analyses; assessment of sites for significance based on CEQA guidelines; management of
artifact collections cataloging and curation; data synthesis; co-authoring of cultural resources project
report, in prep. October 1999-January 2000.
Mitigation of a Prehistoric Cultural Resource for the Otay Ranch SPA-One West Project for the City of
Chula Vista, California: Project archaeologist/director—included direction of field crews; development
of data recovery program; management of artifact collections cataloging and curation; assessment of DRAFT
Brian F. Smith and Associates, Inc. 5
site for significance based on CEQA guidelines; data synthesis; authoring of cultural resources project
report, in prep. September 1999-January 2000.
Monitoring of Grading for the Herschel Place Project, La Jolla, California: Project archaeologist/
monitor—included monitoring of grading activities associated with the development of a single-
dwelling parcel. September 1999.
Survey and Testing of a Historic Resource for the Osterkamp Development Project, Valley Center,
California: Project archaeologist/ director—included direction of field crews; development and
completion of data recovery program; budget development; assessment of site for significance based
on CEQA guidelines; management of artifact collections cataloging and curation; data synthesis;
authoring of cultural resources project report. July-August 1999.
Survey and Testing of a Prehistoric Cultural Resource for the Proposed College Boulevard Alignment
Project, Carlsbad, California: Project manager/director —included direction of field crews;
development and completion of testing recovery program; assessment of site for significance based on
CEQA guidelines; management of artifact collections cataloging and curation; data synthesis;
authoring of cultural resources project report, in prep. July-August 1999.
Survey and Evaluation of Cultural Resources for the Palomar Christian Conference Center Project,
Palomar Mountain, California: Project archaeologist—included direction of field crews; assessment of
sites for significance based on CEQA guidelines; management of artifact collections cataloging and
curation; data synthesis; authoring of cultural resources project report. July-August 1999.
Survey and Evaluation of Cultural Resources at the Village 2 High School Site, Otay Ranch, City of Chula
Vista, California: Project manager/director —management of artifact collections cataloging and
curation; assessment of site for significance based on CEQA guidelines; data synthesis; authoring of
cultural resources project report. July 1999.
Cultural Resources Phase I, II, and III Investigations for the Immigration and Naturalization Services Triple
Fence Project Along the International Border, San Diego County, California: Project manager/director
for the survey, testing, and mitigation of sites along border—supervision of multiple field crews, NRHP
eligibility assessments, Native American consultation, contribution to Environmental Assessment
document, lithic and marine shell analysis, authoring of cultural resources project report. August 1997-
January 2000.
Phase I, II, and II Investigations for the Scripps Poway Parkway East Project, Poway California: Project
archaeologist/project director—included recordation and assessment of multicomponent prehistoric
and historic sites; direction of Phase II and III investigations; direction of laboratory analyses including
prehistoric and historic collections; curation of collections; data synthesis; coauthorship of final cultural
resources report. February 1994; March-September 1994; September-December 1995.
Archaeological Evaluation of Cultural Resources Within the Proposed Corridor for the San Elijo Water
Reclamation System Project, San Elijo, California: Project manager/director —test excavations; direction
of artifact identification and analysis; graphics production; coauthorship of final cultural resources
report. December 1994-July 1995.
Evaluation of Cultural Resources for the Environmental Impact Report for the Rose Canyon Trunk Sewer
Project, San Diego, California: Project manager/Director —direction of test excavations; identification
and analysis of prehistoric and historic artifact collections; data synthesis; co-authorship of final cultural
resources report, San Diego, California. June 1991-March 1992. DRAFT
Brian F. Smith and Associates, Inc. 6
Reports/Papers
Author, coauthor, or contributor to over 2,500 cultural resources management publications, a selection
of which are presented below.
2015 An Archaeological/Historical Study for the Safari Highlands Ranch Project, City of Escondido,
County of San Diego.
2015 A Phase I and II Cultural Resources Assessment for the Decker Parcels II Project, Planning Case
No. 36962, Riverside County, California.
2015 A Phase I and II Cultural Resources Assessment for the Decker Parcels I Project, Planning Case
No. 36950, Riverside County, California.
2015 Cultural Resource Data Recovery and Mitigation Monitoring Program for Site SDI-10,237 Locus F,
Everly Subdivision Project, El Cajon, California.
2015 Phase I Cultural Resource Survey for the Woodward Street Senior Housing Project, City of San
Marcos, California (APN 218-120-31).
2015 An Updated Cultural Resource Survey for the Box Springs Project (TR 33410), APNs 255-230-010,
255-240-005, 255-240-006, and Portions of 257-180-004, 257-180-005, and 257-180-006.
2015 A Phase I and II Cultural Resource Report for the Lake Ranch Project, TR 36730, Riverside County,
California.
2015 A Phase II Cultural Resource Assessment for the Munro Valley Solar Project, Inyo County,
California.
2014 Cultural Resources Monitoring Report for the Diamond Valley Solar Project, Community of
Winchester, County of Riverside.
2014 National Historic Preservation Act Section 106 Compliance for the Proposed Saddleback Estates
Project, Riverside County, California.
2014 A Phase II Cultural Resource Evaluation Report for RIV-8137 at the Toscana Project, TR 36593,
Riverside County, California.
2014 Cultural Resources Study for the Estates at Del Mar Project, City of Del Mar, San Diego, California
(TTM 14-001).
2014 Cultural Resources Study for the Aliso Canyon Major Subdivision Project, Rancho Santa Fe, San
Diego County, California.
2014 Cultural Resources Due Diligence Assessment of the Ocean Colony Project, City of Encinitas.
2014 A Phase I and Phase II Cultural Resource Assessment for the Citrus Heights II Project, TTM 36475,
Riverside County, California.
2013 A Phase I Cultural Resource Assessment for the Modular Logistics Center, Moreno Valley,
Riverside County, California.
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Brian F. Smith and Associates, Inc. 7
2013 A Phase I Cultural Resources Survey of the Ivey Ranch Project, Thousand Palms, Riverside County,
California.
2013 Cultural Resources Report for the Emerald Acres Project, Riverside County, California.
2013 A Cultural Resources Records Search and Review for the Pala Del Norte Conservation Bank
Project, San Diego County, California.
2013 An Updated Phase I Cultural Resources Assessment for Tentative Tract Maps 36484 and 36485,
Audie Murphy Ranch, City of Menifee, County of Riverside.
2013 El Centro Town Center Industrial Development Project (EDA Grant No. 07-01-06386); Result of
Cultural Resource Monitoring.
2013 Cultural Resources Survey Report for the Renda Residence Project, 9521 La Jolla Farms Road, La
Jolla, California.
2013 A Phase I Cultural Resource Study for the Ballpark Village Project, San Diego, California.
2013 Archaeological Monitoring and Mitigation Program, San Clemente Senior Housing Project, 2350
South El Camino Real, City of San Clemente, Orange County, California (CUP No. 06-065; APN-
060-032-04).
2012 Mitigation Monitoring Report for the Los Peñasquitos Recycled Water Pipeline.
2012 Cultural Resources Report for Menifee Heights (Tract 32277).
2012 A Phase I Cultural Resource Study for the Altman Residence at 9696 La Jolla Farms Road, La
Jolla, California 92037.
2012 Mission Ranch Project (TM 5290-1/MUP P87-036W3): Results of Cultural Resources Monitoring
During Mass Grading.
2012 A Phase I Cultural Resource Study for the Payan Property Project, San Diego, California.
2012 Phase I Archaeological Survey of the Rieger Residence, 13707 Durango Drive, Del Mar, California
92014, APN 300-369-49.
2011 Mission Ranch Project (TM 5290-1/MUP P87-036W3): Results of Cultural Resources Monitoring
During Mass Grading.
2011 Mitigation Monitoring Report for the 1887 Viking Way Project, La Jolla, California.
2011 Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for the Sewer Group 714 Project.
2011 Results of Archaeological Monitoring at the 10th Avenue Parking Lot Project, City of San Diego,
California (APNs 534-194-02 and 03).
2011 Archaeological Survey of the Pelberg Residence for a Bulletin 560 Permit Application; 8335
Camino Del Oro; La Jolla, California 92037 APN 346-162-01-00 .
2011 A Cultural Resources Survey Update and Evaluation for the Robertson Ranch West Project and
an Evaluation of National Register Eligibility of Archaeological sites for Sites for Section 106
Review (NHPA).
2011 Mitigation Monitoring Report for the 43rd and Logan Project. DRAFT
Brian F. Smith and Associates, Inc. 8
2011 Mitigation Monitoring Report for the Sewer Group 682 M Project, City of San Diego Project
#174116.
2011 A Phase I Cultural Resource Study for the Nooren Residence Project, 8001 Calle de la Plata, La
Jolla, California, Project No. 226965.
2011 A Phase I Cultural Resource Study for the Keating Residence Project, 9633 La Jolla Farms Road,
La Jolla, California 92037.
2010 Mitigation Monitoring Report for the 15th & Island Project, City of San Diego; APNs 535-365-01,
535-365-02 and 535-392-05 through 535-392-07.
2010 Archaeological Resource Report Form: Mitigation Monitoring of the Sewer and Water Group 772
Project, San Diego, California, W.O. Nos. 187861 and 178351.
2010 Pottery Canyon Site Archaeological Evaluation Project, City of San Diego, California, Contract
No. H105126.
2010 Archaeological Resource Report Form: Mitigation Monitoring of the Racetrack View Drive
Project, San Diego, California; Project No. 163216.
2010 A Historical Evaluation of Structures on the Butterfield Trails Property.
2010 Historic Archaeological Significance Evaluation of 1761 Haydn Drive, Encinitas, California (APN
260-276-07-00).
2010 Results of Archaeological Monitoring of the Heller/Nguyen Project, TPM 06-01, Poway, California.
2010 Cultural Resource Survey and Evaluation Program for the Sunday Drive Parcel Project, San
Diego County, California, APN 189-281-14.
2010 Archaeological Resource Report Form: Mitigation Monitoring of the Emergency Garnet Avenue
Storm Drain Replacement Project, San Diego, California, Project No. B10062
2010 An Archaeological Study for the 1912 Spindrift Drive Project
2009 Cultural Resource Assessment of the North Ocean Beach Gateway Project City of San Diego
#64A-003A; Project #154116.
2009 Archaeological Constraints Study of the Morgan Valley Wind Assessment Project, Lake County,
California.
2008 Results of an Archaeological Review of the Helen Park Lane 3.1-acre Property (APN 314-561-31),
Poway, California.
2008 Archaeological Letter Report for a Phase I Archaeological Assessment of the Valley Park
Condominium Project, Ramona, California; APN 282-262-75-00.
2007 Archaeology at the Ballpark. Brian F. Smith and Associates, San Diego, California. Submitted to
the Centre City Development Corporation.
2007 Result of an Archaeological Survey for the Villages at Promenade Project (APNs 115-180-007-
3,115-180-049-1, 115-180-042-4, 115-180-047-9) in the City of Corona, Riverside County.
2007 Monitoring Results for the Capping of Site CA-SDI-6038/SDM-W-5517 within the Katzer Jamul
Center Project; P00-017.
2006 Archaeological Assessment for The Johnson Project (APN 322-011-10), Poway, California. DRAFT
Brian F. Smith and Associates, Inc. 9
2005 Results of Archaeological Monitoring at the El Camino Del Teatro Accelerated Sewer
Replacement Project (Bid No. K041364; WO # 177741; CIP # 46-610.6.
2005 Results of Archaeological Monitoring at the Baltazar Draper Avenue Project (Project No. 15857;
APN: 351-040-09).
2004 TM 5325 ER #03-14-043 Cultural Resources.
2004 An Archaeological Survey and an Evaluation of Cultural Resources at the Salt Creek Project.
Report on file at Brian F. Smith and Associates.
2003 An Archaeological Assessment for the Hidden Meadows Project, San Diego County, TM 5174,
Log No. 99-08-033. Report on file at Brian F. Smith and Associates.
2003 An Archaeological Survey for the Manchester Estates Project, Coastal Development Permit #02-
009, Encinitas, California. Report on file at Brian F. Smith and Associates.
2003 Archaeological Investigations at the Manchester Estates Project, Coastal Development Permit
#02-009, Encinitas, California. Report on file at Brian F. Smith and Associates.
2003 Archaeological Monitoring of Geological Testing Cores at the Pacific Beach Christian Church
Project. Report on file at Brian F. Smith and Associates.
2003 San Juan Creek Drilling Archaeological Monitoring. Report on file at Brian F. Smith and
Associates.
2003 Evaluation of Archaeological Resources Within the Spring Canyon Biological Mitigation Area,
Otay Mesa, San Diego County, California. Brian F. Smith and Associates, San Diego, California.
2002 An Archaeological/Historical Study for the Otay Ranch Village 13 Project (et al.). Brian F. Smith
and Associates, San Diego, California.
2002 An Archaeological/Historical Study for the Audie Murphy Ranch Project (et al.). Brian F. Smith
and Associates, San Diego, California.
2002 Results of an Archaeological Survey for the Remote Video Surveillance Project, El Centro Sector,
Imperial County, California. Brian F. Smith and Associates, San Diego, California.
2002 A Cultural Resources Survey and Evaluation for the Proposed Robertson Ranch Project, City of
Carlsbad. Brian F. Smith and Associates, San Diego, California.
2002 Archaeological Mitigation of Impacts to Prehistoric Site SDI-7976 for the Eastlake III Woods
Project, Chula Vista, California. Brian F. Smith and Associates, San Diego, California.
2002 An Archaeological/Historical Study for Tract No. 29777, Menifee West GPA Project, Perris Valley,
Riverside County. Brian F. Smith and Associates, San Diego, California.
2002 An Archaeological/Historical Study for Tract No. 29835, Menifee West GPA Project, Perris Valley,
Riverside County. Brian F. Smith and Associates, San Diego, California.
2001 An Archaeological Survey and Evaluation of a Cultural Resource for the Moore Property, Poway.
Brian F. Smith and Associates, San Diego, California.
2001 An Archaeological Report for the Mitigation, Monitoring, and Reporting Program at the Water
and Sewer Group Job 530A, Old Town San Diego. Brian F. Smith and Associates, San Diego,
California. DRAFT
Brian F. Smith and Associates, Inc. 10
2001 A Cultural Resources Impact Survey for the High Desert Water District Recharge Site 6 Project,
Yucca Valley. Brian F. Smith and Associates, San Diego, California.
2001 Archaeological Mitigation of Impacts to Prehistoric Site SDI-13,864 at the Otay Ranch SPA-One
West Project. Brian F. Smith and Associates, San Diego, California.
2001 A Cultural Resources Survey and Site Evaluations at the Stewart Subdivision Project, Moreno
Valley, County of San Diego. Brian F. Smith and Associates, San Diego, California.
2000 An Archaeological/Historical Study for the French Valley Specific Plan/EIR,
French Valley, County of Riverside. Brian F. Smith and Associates, San Diego, California.
2000 Results of an Archaeological Survey and the Evaluation of Cultural Resources at The TPM#24003–
Lawson Valley Project. Brian F. Smith and Associates, San Diego, California.
2000 Archaeological Mitigation of Impacts to Prehistoric Site SDI-5326 at the Westview High School
Project for the Poway Unified School District. Brian F. Smith and Associates, San Diego, California.
2000 An Archaeological/Historical Study for the Menifee Ranch Project. Brian F. Smith and Associates,
San Diego, California.
2000 An Archaeological Survey and Evaluation of Cultural Resources for the Bernardo Mountain
Project, Escondido, California. Brian F. Smith and Associates, San Diego, California.
2000 A Cultural Resources Impact Survey for the Nextel Black Mountain Road Project, San Diego,
California. Brian F. Smith and Associates, San Diego, California.
2000 A Cultural Resources Impact Survey for the Rancho Vista Project, 740 Hilltop Drive, Chula Vista,
California. Brian F. Smith and Associates, San Diego, California.
2000 A Cultural Resources Impact Survey for the Poway Creek Project, Poway, California. Brian F.
Smith and Associates, San Diego, California.
2000 Cultural Resource Survey and Geotechnical Monitoring for the Mohyi Residence Project. Brian F.
Smith and Associates, San Diego, California.
2000 Enhanced Cultural Resource Survey and Evaluation for the Prewitt/Schmucker/ Cavadias
Project. Brian F. Smith and Associates, San Diego, California.
2000 Enhanced Cultural Resource Survey and Evaluation for the Lamont 5 Project. Brian F. Smith and
Associates, San Diego, California.
2000 Salvage Excavations at Site SDM-W-95 (CA-SDI-211) for the Poinsettia Shores Santalina
Development Project, Carlsbad, California. Brian F. Smith and Associates, San Diego, California.
2000 Enhanced Cultural Resource Survey and Evaluation for the Reiss Residence Project, La Jolla,
California. Brian F. Smith and Associates, San Diego, California.
2000 Enhanced Cultural Resource Survey and Evaluation for the Tyrian 3 Project, La Jolla, California.
Brian F. Smith and Associates, San Diego, California.
2000 A Report for an Archaeological Evaluation of Cultural Resources at the Otay Ranch Village Two
SPA, Chula Vista, California. Brian F. Smith and Associates, San Diego, California.
2000 An Archaeological Evaluation of Cultural Resources for the Airway Truck Parking Project, Otay
Mesa, County of San Diego. Brian F. Smith and Associates, San Diego, California. DRAFT
Brian F. Smith and Associates, Inc. 11
2000 Results of an Archaeological Survey and Evaluation of a Resource for the Tin Can Hill Segment of
the Immigration and Naturalization and Immigration Service Border Road, Fence, and Lighting
Project, San Diego County, California. Brian F. Smith and Associates, San Diego, California.
1999 An Archaeological Survey of the Home Creek Village Project, 4600 Block of Home Avenue, San
Diego, California. Brian F. Smith and Associates, San Diego, California.
1999 An Archaeological Survey for the Sgobassi Lot Split, San Diego County, California. Brian F. Smith
and Associates, San Diego, California.
1999 An Evaluation of Cultural Resources at the Otay Ranch Village 11 Project. Brian F. Smith and
Associates, San Diego, California.
1999 An Archaeological/Historical Survey and Evaluation of a Cultural Resource for The Osterkamp
Development Project, Valley Center, California. Brian F. Smith and Associates, San Diego,
California.
1999 An Archaeological Survey and Evaluation of Cultural Resources for the Palomar Christian
Conference Center Project, Palomar Mountain, California. Brian F. Smith and Associates, San
Diego, California.
1999 An Archaeological Survey and Evaluation of a Cultural Resource for the Proposed College
Boulevard Alignment Project. Brian F. Smith and Associates, San Diego, California.
1999 Results of an Archaeological Evaluation for the Anthony's Pizza Acquisition Project in Ocean
Beach, City of San Diego (with L. Pierson and B. Smith). Brian F. Smith and Associates, San Diego,
California.
1996 An Archaeological Testing Program for the Scripps Poway Parkway East Project. Brian F. Smith
and Associates, San Diego, California.
1995 Results of a Cultural Resources Study for the 4S Ranch. Brian F. Smith and Associates, San Diego,
California.
1995 Results of an Archaeological Evaluation of Cultural Resources Within the Proposed Corridor for
the San Elijo Water Reclamation System. Brian F. Smith and Associates, San Diego, California.
1994 Results of the Cultural Resources Mitigation Programs at Sites SDI-11,044/H and SDI-12,038 at the
Salt Creek Ranch Project . Brian F. Smith and Associates, San Diego, California.
1993 Results of an Archaeological Survey and Evaluation of Cultural Resources at the Stallion Oaks
Ranch Project. Brian F. Smith and Associates, San Diego, California.
1992 Results of an Archaeological Survey and the Evaluation of Cultural Resources at the Ely Lot Split
Project. Brian F. Smith and Associates, San Diego, California.
1991 The Results of an Archaeological Study for the Walton Development Group Project. Brian F.
Smith and Associates, San Diego, California.
DRAFT
A Cultural Resources Study for The Farms in Poway Project
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
APPENDIX B
Site Record Forms
(Deleted for Public Review; Bound Separately)
DRAFT
A Cultural Resources Study for The Farms in Poway Project
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
APPENDIX C
Archaeological Records Search Results
(Deleted for Public Review; Bound Separately)
DRAFT
A Cultural Resources Study for The Farms in Poway Project
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
APPENDIX D
NAHC Sacred Lands File Search Results
(Deleted for Public Review; Bound Separately)
DRAFT
A Cultural Resources Study for The Farms in Poway Project
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
APPENDIX E
Cultural Resources Survey Report for The Farm
in Poway Project, Poway, California
(Prepared by RECON Environmental, Inc., 2020)
DRAFT
Cultural Resources Survey Report for
The Farm in Poway Project
Poway, California
Prepared for
Kevin McNamara
12919 Corte Juana
Poway, CA 92064
Prepared by
RECON Environmental, Inc.
1927 Fifth Avenue
San Diego, CA 92101
P 619.308.9333
RECON Number 8858-1
January 23, 2020
Harry Price, Project Archaeologist
Richard Shultz, M.A., Project Archaeologist DRAFT
Cultural Resources Survey Report
The Farm in Poway Project
i
NATIONAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL DATA BASE INFORMATION
Authors: Harry J. Price and Richard Shultz
Consulting Firm: RECON Environmental, Inc.
1927 Fifth Avenue
San Diego, CA 92101-2358
Report Date: January 23, 2020
Report Title: Cultural Resources Survey Report for The Farm in
Poway, Poway, California
Prepared for: Mr. Kevin McNamara
Contract Number: RECON Number 8858-1
USGS Quadrangle Map: Escondido, California, quadrangle, 1996 edition eastern
half of Section 24, and the north half of Section 25,
Range 02 West, Township 13 South, and the west
quarter of Section 19, Range 01 West, Township 13
South,
Acreage: 117.2 acres
Keywords: Historical resources survey, City of Poway, negative
survey results, Poway Creek.
ABSTRACT
RECON Environmental, Inc. (RECON) completed a field and archival investigation of The
Farm in Poway project, at 17166 Stoneridge Country Club Lane, in the city of Poway,
California. The project is bounded on the south by Espola Road, on the west and north by
Saint Andrews Drive, and on the east by Boca Raton Lane, Tam O' Shanter Drive, and
Cloudcroft Drive. RECON conducted a record search of the archaeological data bases
maintained at the South Coastal Information Center and requested a search of the Native
American Heritage Sacred Lands Files.
The files at South Coastal Information Center had no prehistoric or historic archaeological
sites recorded on or adjacent to the project property.
Two cultural resources were found during the current field survey. 8858-RDS-001 and
8858-RDS-002, that consist of bedrock milling features. As currently designed, sites 8858-
RDS-001 and 8858-RDS-002 will be impacted by the project grading. If avoidance of the two
cultural resources is not feasible, a testing program should be conducted at each to
determine if the resources qualify under criterion 4 of the CEQA criteria, and are likely to
yield information important to the prehistory of San Diego. The testing program will be
sufficient to determine significance of the sites under CEQA guidelines. If the sites are DRAFT
Cultural Resources Survey Report
The Farm in Poway Project
ii
determined significant by the testing, additional mitigation in the form of a data recovery
program will be required to reduce the impacts to the two sites to a less than significant
level.
The project was constructed prior to the adoption of CEQA and there is no record of the
project site being surveyed prior to construction. Some areas of the golf course, especially
the fairways, may not have been extensively disturbed by original grading, and RECON
feels there is the potential for subsurface archaeological deposits to be present on the
project site. Because of this, RECON recommends a qualified archaeologist and Native
American monitor representing the Kumeyaay community be present for all ground
disturbing activities. If archaeological materials are identified during construction
activities, work in the immediate area shall cease and an archaeologist meeting the
qualifications of the City of Poway must evaluate the find. If the discovery proves to be
significant under CEQA, a data recovery program shall be implemented.
DRAFT
Cultural Resources Survey Report
The Farm in Poway Project iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acronyms..................................................................................................................... iv
1.0 Management Summary .................................................................................. 1
2.0 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 2
3.0 Physical and Cultural Setting ...................................................................... 2
3.1 Physical Setting .................................................................................................. 2
3.2 Cultural Setting.................................................................................................. 6
4.0 Area of Potential Effect .................................................................................. 8
5.0 Study Methods .................................................................................................. 8
6.0 Survey Results ................................................................................................. 8
6.1 Record Search ..................................................................................................... 8
6.2 Survey Results .................................................................................................. 11
7.0 Regulations and Recommendations .......................................................... 14
7.1 Applicable Regulations ..................................................................................... 14
7.2 Management Considerations ........................................................................... 15
8.0 Certification and Project Staff ................................................................... 16
9.0 References Cited ............................................................................................ 16
FIGURES
1: Regional Location .......................................................................................................... 3 2: Project Location on USGS Map .................................................................................... 4 3: Project Location on Aerial Photograph ......................................................................... 5
PHOTOGRAPHS
1: Zero Ground Visibility on Fairways ............................................................................12 2: Areas Covered in Some Leaf Duff ................................................................................12 3: Area with Excellent Ground Visibility ........................................................................13 4: Typical Bedrock Outside the Fairways .......................................................................13
TABLE
1: Cultural Resources within One-Mile of Project Area ..................................................10
ATTACHMENT
1: Resumes of Key Personnel
CONFIDENTIAL ATTACHMENTS
1: Record Search Results 2: Department of Parks and Recreation Primary Site Forms DRAFT
Cultural Resources Survey Report
The Farm in Poway Project iv
Acronyms
APE Area of Potential Effect CEQA California Environmental Quality Act CSDDPW County of San Diego Department of Public Works GPS global positioning system NAHC Native American Heritage Commission NRHP National Register of Historic Places SCIC South Coast Information Center USGS United States Geological Survey
DRAFT
Cultural Resources Survey Report
The Farm in Poway Project
Page 1
1.0 Management Summary
This report summarizes the results of the cultural resources field and archival investigation
of The Farm in Poway (project), at 17166 Stoneridge Country Club Lane in the city of
Poway. The project is bounded on the south by Espola Road, on the west and north by Saint
Andrews Drive, and on the east by Boca Raton Lane, Tam O' Shanter Drive, and Cloudcroft
Drive. Total property acreage is 117.2 acres, all of which would be developed.
A record search was conducted of the archaeological databases maintained at the California
Historical Resources Information System, South Coastal Information Center (SCIC) at San
Diego State University. The files at SCIC have no prehistoric or historic archaeological sites
recorded on the project property.
Two cultural resources were found during the current field survey. 8858-RDS-001 and
8858-RDS-002, that consist of bedrock milling features. As currently designed, sites 8858-
RDS-001 and 8858-RDS-002 will be impacted by the project grading. If avoidance of the two
cultural resources is not feasible, a testing program should be conducted at each to
determine if the resources qualify under criterion 4 of the California Environmental Act
(CEQA) criteria, and are likely to yield information important to the prehistory of San
Diego. The testing program will be sufficient to determine significance of the sites under
CEQA guidelines. If the sites are determined significant by the testing, additional
mitigation in the form of a data recovery program will be required to reduce the impacts to
the two sites to a less than significant level.
The project was constructed prior to the adoption of CEQA and there is no record of the
project site being surveyed prior to construction. Some areas of the golf course, especially
the fairways, may not have been extensively disturbed by original grading, and RECON
feels there is the potential for subsurface archaeological deposits to be present on the
project site. Because of this, RECON recommends a qualified archaeologist and Native
American monitor representing the Kumeyaay community be present for all ground
disturbing activities. If archaeological materials are identified during construction
activities, work in the immediate area shall cease and an archaeologist meeting the
Secretary of the Interior’s Professional Qualifications Standards for Archaeology (National
Park Service 1983) must evaluate the find. If the discovery proves to be significant under
CEQA, a data recovery program shall be implemented.
DRAFT
Cultural Resources Survey Report
The Farm in Poway Project
Page 2
2.0 Introduction
The project proposes to construct housing for developmentally disabled individuals on a
currently partially developed parcel in the northwestern portion of the city of Poway,
California (Figure 1). The assessor’s parcel numbers are 273-110-1800, 273-110-0700, and
273-110-0800. The total property acreage is 117.2 acres, all of which will be developed. The
project includes a mixed-use development consisting of 160 residential homes (single-
family, twin, and cottage courts), agricultural farmlands, open space, community gardens, a
swim and tennis club, a café, educational facilities, and other site amenities. The project
site is in the eastern half of Section 24, and the north half of Section 25, Range 02 West,
Township 13 South, and the west quarter of Section 19, Range 01 West, Township 13
South, of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 7.5-minute topographic map, Escondido,
California quadrangle (Figure 2).
3.0 Physical and Cultural Setting
3.1 Physical Setting
The project is bounded on the south by Espola Road, on the west and north by Saint
Andrews Drive, and on the east by Boca Raton Lane, Tam O' Shanter Drive, and
Cloudcroft Drive (Figure 3). The project is bounded on all sides by residential development
of varying density. Sycamore Creek is approximately 550 meters to the east and Lake
Hodges is approximately 3.4 kilometers to the north-northwest. Interstate 15 is
approximately 3.5 kilometers to the west (see Figures 1 and 2). The parcel consists of a golf
course with tennis courts, a clubhouse complex, and maintenance areas. Turf grass, trees,
and shrubs cover the majority of the project area (see Figure 3).
Vegetation on the developed portion of the property consists of a mix of exotic trees, bushes,
and ground cover. The Poway Creek drainage supports a riparian vegetation community
comprised of both native species and large stands of exotic arundo.
DRAFT
FIGURE 1
Regional Location
kj
USMC AIR
STATION
MIRAMAR
USMC AIR
STATION
MIRAMAR
CAMP PENDLETON
MARINE CO BASE
Daley
Ranch
Los Penasquitos
Canyon Presv
Mission Trails
Regional Park
Cleveland NF
Lake
Wohlford
Sutherland
Lake
Batiquitos Lagoon
Lake Hodges
El Capitan
Reservoir
San Vicente
Reservoir
Loveland
Reservoir
S anDie g u i t o
Rive r
S a n L u i s
R ey R i v e r
SanD i e g u i t o
R iv e r
S anL u i s R e y RiverSan t a Y s a b e l
C r e e k
Swee t w a t e rRiver
E scon d idoC ree k
S a n D ie g o
R i v e rPauma and Yuima
Reservation
Mesa Grande
Reservation
San Pasqual
Reservation
Rincon
Reservation
Sycuan
Reservation
Capitan
Grande
Reservation
La Jolla Reservation
Santa Ysabel
Reservation
Barona
Reservation
Bonsall
Valley Center
Bostonia
Casa de
Oro-Mount
Helix
Crest
Fairbanks
Ranch
Granite Hills
Harbison
Canyon
Hidden
Meadows
Jamul
Lake
San Marcos
Lakeside
Ramona
Rancho
San Diego
Rancho
Santa Fe
San Diego
Country
Estates
Spring
Valley
Winter Gardens
UV163
UV76
UV78
UV54
UV56
UV125
UV67
UV94
UV52
§¨¦8
§¨¦805
§¨¦15
§¨¦5
S A N D I E G O
C O U N T Y
Carlsbad
Del Mar
El Cajon
Encinitas
Escondido
La Mesa
Lemon
Grove
Oceanside
Poway
San Diego
San Marcos
Santee
Solana
Beach
Vista
kj
USMC AIR
STATION
MIRAMAR
USMC AIR
STATION
MIRAMAR
CAMP PENDLETON
MARINE CO BASE
Daley
Ranch
Los Penasquitos
Canyon Presv
Mission Trails
Regional Park
Cleveland NF
Lake
Wohlford
Sutherland
Lake
Batiquitos Lagoon
Lake Hodges
El Capitan
Reservoir
San Vicente
Reservoir
Loveland
Reservoir
S anDie g u i t o
Rive r
S a n L u i s
R ey R i v e r
SanD i e g u i t o
R iv e r
S anL u i s R e y RiverSan t a Y s a b e l
C r e e k
Swee t w a t e rRiver
E scon d idoC ree k
S a n D ie g o
R i v e rPauma and Yuima
Reservation
Mesa Grande
Reservation
San Pasqual
Reservation
Rincon
Reservation
Sycuan
Reservation
Capitan
Grande
Reservation
La Jolla Reservation
Santa Ysabel
Reservation
Barona
Reservation
Bonsall
Valley Center
Bostonia
Casa de
Oro-Mount
Helix
Crest
Fairbanks
Ranch
Granite Hills
Harbison
Canyon
Hidden
Meadows
Jamul
Lake
San Marcos
Lakeside
Ramona
Rancho
San Diego
Rancho
Santa Fe
San Diego
Country
Estates
Spring
Valley
Winter Gardens
UV163
UV76
UV78
UV54
UV56
UV125
UV67
UV94
UV52
§¨¦8
§¨¦805
§¨¦15
§¨¦5
S A N D I E G O
C O U N T Y
Carlsbad
Del Mar
El Cajon
Encinitas
Escondido
La Mesa
Lemon
Grove
Oceanside
Poway
San Diego
San Marcos
Santee
Solana
Beach
Vista
0 5Miles [
M:\JOBS5\8858\common_gis\fig1.mxd 9/5/2017 sab
SAN DIEGO
RIVERSIDE
SAN BERNARDINO
ORANGE
MEXICO
Project LocationkjDRAFT
FIGURE 2
Project Location on USGS Map
Map Source: USGS 7.5 minute topographic map series, ESCONDIDO quadrangle, 1996, T13S R01W - Sec 19 & T13S R02W Sec 24 & 25
0 2,000Feet [
Survey Area
M:\JOBS5\8858\common_gis\fig2.mxd 9/5/2017 sab DRAFT
FIGURE 3
Project Location on Aerial PhotographTAWNYWAYPENINA
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B UT T E R F IE L D T R L
PORT MARNOCK DRLOMAS VERDES
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M:\JOBS5\8858\common_gis\fig3_scic.mxd 9/21/2017 sab
0 450Feet [
Image source: Nearmap (flown June 2017)
Survey AreaDRAFT
Cultural Resources Survey Report
The Farm in Poway Project Page 6
3.2 Cultural Setting
3.2.1 Prehistoric Period
The prehistoric cultural sequence in San Diego County is generally conceived as comprising three basic periods: the Paleoindian, dated between about 11,500 and 8,500 years ago and manifested by the artifacts of the San Dieguito Complex; the Archaic, lasting from about 8,500 to 1,500 years ago (A.D. 500) and manifested by the cobble and core technology of the La Jollan Complex; and the Late Prehistoric, lasting from about 1,500 years ago to historic contact (i.e., A.D. 500 to 1769) and represented by the Cuyamaca Complex. This latest complex is marked by the appearance of ceramics, small arrow points, and cremation burial practices.
The Paleoindian Period in San Diego County is most closely associated with the San Dieguito Complex, as identified by Rogers (1938, 1939, 1945). The San Dieguito assemblage consists of well-made scraper planes, choppers, scraping tools, crescentics, elongated bifacial knives, and leaf-shaped points. The San Dieguito Complex is thought to represent an early emphasis on hunting (Warren et al. 1993:III-33).
The Archaic Period brings an apparent shift toward a more generalized economy and an increased emphasis on seed resources, small game, and shellfish. The local cultural manifestations of the Archaic Period are called the La Jollan Complex along the coast and the Pauma Complex inland. Pauma Complex sites lack the shell that dominates many La Jollan sites. Along with an economic focus on gathering plant resources, the settlement system appears to have been more sedentary. The La Jollan assemblage is dominated by rough cobble-based choppers and scrapers, and slab and basin metates. Large side-notched and Elko series projectile points appeared. Large deposits of marine shell at coastal sites argue for the importance of shellfish gathering to the coastal Archaic economy.
Near the coast and in the Peninsular Mountains beginning approximately 1,500 years ago, patterns began to emerge which suggest the ethnohistoric Kumeyaay. This period is characterized by higher population densities and elaborations in social, political, and technological systems. Economic systems diversify and intensify during this period, with the continued elaboration of trade networks, the use of shell-bead currency, and the appearance of more labor-intensive, but effective technological innovations. The late prehistoric archaeology of the San Diego coast and foothills is characterized by the Cuyamaca Complex. It is primarily known from the work of D. L. True at Cuyamaca Rancho State Park (True 1970). The Cuyamaca Complex is characterized by the presence of steatite arrowshaft straighteners, steatite pendants, steatite comales (heating stones), Tizon Brownware pottery, ceramic figurines reminiscent of Hohokam styles, ceramic “Yuman bow pipes,” ceramic rattles, miniature pottery various cobble-based tools (e.g., scrapers, choppers, hammerstones), bone awls, manos and metates, mortars and pestles, and Desert side-notched (more common) and Cottonwood Series projectile points. DRAFT
Cultural Resources Survey Report
The Farm in Poway Project Page 7
3.2.2 Ethnohistory
The Kumeyaay (also known as Kamia, Ipai, Tipai, and Diegueño) occupied the southern two-thirds of San Diego County. The Kumeyaay lived in semi-sedentary, politically autonomous villages or rancherias. Settlement system typically consisted of two or more seasonal villages with temporary camps radiating away from these central places (Cline 1984a, 1984b). Their economic system consisted of hunting and gathering with a focus on small game, acorns, grass seeds, and other plant resources. The most basic social and economic unit was the patrilocal extended family. A wide range of tools were made of locally available and imported materials. A simple shoulder-height bow was used for hunting. Numerous other flaked stone tools were made including scrapers, choppers, flake-based cutting tools, and biface knives. Preferred stone types were locally available metavolcanics, cherts, and quartz. Obsidian was imported from the deserts to the north and east. Ground stone objects include mortars and pestles typically made of locally available, fine-grained granite. Both portable and bedrock types are known. The Kumeyaay made fine baskets. These employed either coiled or twined construction. The Kumeyaay also made pottery, using the paddle-and-anvil technique. Most were a plain brown utility ware called Tizon Brownware, but some were decorated (Meighan 1954; May 1976, 1978). Primary ethnographic sources on traditional Kumeyaay lifeways are provided in the ethnographic work of Cline (1984a, 1984b), Gifford (1918, 1931), Kroeber (1925), and Spier (1923).
3.2.3 Spanish, Mexican, and American Periods
The Spanish Period (1769–1821) represents a time of European exploration and settlement. Military and naval forces along with a religious contingent founded the San Diego Presidio, the pueblo of San Diego, and the San Diego Mission in 1769 (Rolle 1998). Native American culture in the coastal strip of California rapidly deteriorated despite repeated attempts to revolt against the Spanish invaders (Cook 1976). One of the hallmarks of the Spanish colonial scheme was the rancho system. In an attempt to encourage settlement and development of the colonies, large land grants were made to meritorious or well-connected individuals.
In 1821, Mexico declared its independence from Spain. During the Mexican Period (1822–1848), the mission system was secularized by the Mexican government and these lands allowed for the dramatic expansion of the rancho system. The southern California economy became increasingly based on cattle ranching.
The Mexican Period ended when Mexico signed the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo on February 2, 1848, concluding the Mexican–American War (1846–1848; Rolle 1998). The great influx of Americans and Europeans resulting from the California Gold Rush in 1848–49 eliminated many remaining vestiges of Native American culture.
Unless otherwise noted the following material on the history of Poway was accesses from the City of Poway website (City of Poway 2016). The first recorded Anglo-European settler in the Poway area was Philip Crosthwaite, who began ranching there in 1859. By 1870, the number of settlers in the Poway area had increased to the point that resident Castanos DRAFT
Cultural Resources Survey Report
The Farm in Poway Project
Page 8
Paine applied for and was granted the position of postmaster. Paine ran a ranch that also
served as a way station for the stage running to and from San Diego. The population of the
Poway area continued to grow through the 1880s, reaching approximately 800 by 1887.
Farming was the main occupation, with numerous orchards and vineyards being
established and grains being farmed. Dairy ranching and beekeeping were also common.
The chance of a railroad line running through the Poway area led to some land speculation
in the 1880s, but the line did not materialize and land speculation dried up. By 1900 there
were still less than 1,000 people living in the Poway area and it remained basically rural
through the early to mid-1950s. The first subdivision built in Poway in the late 1950s was a
result of the post-World War II boom affecting much of San Diego County. In 1971 Lake
Poway was constructed, establishing a more stable and permanent water supply for the
growing population. Poway incorporated in 1980, establishing a Council/Manager form of
government.
4.0 Area of Potential Effect
The Area of Potential Effect (APE) for the project is considered to include the 117.2 acres
being impacted by project development.
5.0 Study Methods
A site record search was conducted through the California Historical Resources Information
System, SCIC at San Diego State University (Confidential Attachment 1). A letter was sent
to the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) in Sacramento on January 17, 2019,
requesting a search of their Sacred Lands Files.
A survey of the project property was conducted on September 22, 2017 by RECON
archaeologist Richard Shultz accompanied by Native American monitors Banning Taylor,
Jr. and Alyssa Soto. The survey team inspected areas that line the fairways and greens for
evidence of archaeological materials such as flaked and ground stone tools, ceramics,
milling features, and human remains. A sub-meter global positioning system (GPS) unit
provided the field team with sub-meter accuracy and real-time position correction and
recording capability. Photographs were taken to document existing conditions on-site.
6.0 Survey Results
6.1 Record Search
A record search of the project area with a one-mile-radius buffer was conducted at the SCIC
at San Diego State University on September 25, 2017 (Confidential Attachment 1). The
search included a review of the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) for San Diego
County, National Historic Landmarks, California Register of Historical Resources, DRAFT
Cultural Resources Survey Report
The Farm in Poway Project Page 9
California Registered Historical Landmarks, California Points of Historical Interest, historic resources inventory files, archaeological inventory files, a bibliography of previous cultural resources investigations, and various historic maps.
No cultural resources are recorded within or immediately adjacent to the project. The SCIC identified one historic-era site, two historic structures, one multi-component site (both prehistoric and historic), forty-two prehistoric sites, and one prehistoric isolated artifact within a one-mile radius (Confidential Attachment 1). Table 1 lists those sites. The historic site consisted of masonry wall remnants. The historic structures were two utility poles. The prehistoric sites include bedrock milling features, bedrock milling features with artifacts, lithic scatters, ceramic scatters, ground stone, faunal remains (shellfish and bone), and pictographs.
The record search indicated that five previous investigations intersect with the proposed project area.
The 1968 Escondido 7.5-minute quadrangle illustrated sewage disposal ponds in the southern part of the project near the existing ponds. Additionally, the San Diego Aqueduct runs underground in a northwest–southeast direction through the center of the project area. The first pipeline was completed in 1947 and brings water to San Diego County from the Colorado River. Three additional pipelines were constructed between 1954 and 1973 (Crawford 2010). Air photographs available online show the project property in agriculture in 1946, 1947, and 1953 (Nationwide Environmental Title Research, LLC 2015). By 1964 the roads surrounding the project had been completed, but grading for the golf course had not begun, and subsequent photographs from the 1960s also showed the golf course undeveloped. The houses surrounding the golf course had not been constructed in the 1960s. A 1980 photograph shows the golf course, clubhouse, and surrounding houses in place. A 1989 photograph shows substantial alteration to the clubhouse. Subsequent photographs from the 1990s and 2000s show little change.
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Cultural Resources Survey Report
The Farm in Poway Project Page 10
Table 1 Cultural Resources within One-Mile of Project Area
Primary # Trinomial # Site Type Period Date Recorded P-37-000007 CA-SDI-000007 Rock art: petroglyphs, pictographs Prehistoric 1957
P-37-000008 CA-SDI-000008 Rock art: pictographs, bedrock milling, ceramic scatter, ground stone Prehistoric 1957
P-37-000010 CA-SDI-000010 Bedrock milling, lithic scatter; wall remnants Multicomponent 1981 P-37-000160 CA-SDI-000160 Masonry wall remnants Historic 1957 P-37-000576 CA-SDI-000576 Bedrock milling, lithic scatter, ground stone Prehistoric n/a P-37-000578 CA-SDI-000578 Lithic scatter, ground stone Prehistoric n//a P-37-000581 CA-SDI-000581 Lithic scatter, ground stone Prehistoric n//a P-37-000582 CA-SDI-000582 Lithic scatter, ground stone Prehistoric n//a P-37-000590 CA-SDI-000590 Bedrock milling, lithic scatter, ground stone Prehistoric n/a P-37-000807 CA-SDI-000807 Lithic scatter Prehistoric 1960 P-37-000808 CA-SDI-000808 Bedrock milling, ceramic scatter Prehistoric 1960 P-37-004561 CA-SDI-004561 Bedrock milling, lithic scatter Prehistoric 1971
P-37-004565 CA-SDI-004565 Bedrock milling, lithic scatter, ceramic scatter, ground stone Prehistoric 1973
P-37-004566 CA-SDI-004566 Lithic scatter Prehistoric 1973 P-37-004567 CA-SDI-004567 Lithic scatter Prehistoric 1973 P-37-004568 CA-SDI-004568 Lithic scatter, ground stone Prehistoric 1973 P-37-004569 CA-SDI-004569 Lithic scatter, ground stone Prehistoric 1973
P-37-007858 CA-SDI-007858 Bedrock milling, lithic scatter, ceramic scatter, ground stone Prehistoric 1980
P-37-007859 CA-SDI-007859 Bedrock milling, lithic scatter, ground stone Prehistoric 1980 P-37-007860 CA-SDI-007860 Bedrock milling, ground stone Prehistoric 1980 P-37-007862 CA-SDI-007862 Lithic scatter Prehistoric 1980 P-37-008745 CA-SDI-008745 Ceramic scatter, lithic scatter Prehistoric 1981 P-37-008746 CA-SDI-008746 Bedrock milling Prehistoric 1981 P-37-011153 CA-SDI-011153 Bedrock milling Prehistoric 1989 P-37-011154 CA-SDI-011154 Lithic scatter Prehistoric 1989 P-37-011155 CA-SDI-011155 Lithic scatter, ground stone Prehistoric 1989 P-37-011516 CA-SDI-011516 Lithic scatter, ground stone Prehistoric 1989 P-37-011517 CA-SDI-011517 Bedrock milling Prehistoric 1989 P-37-011520 CA-SDI-011520 Lithic scatter, ground stone Prehistoric 1989
P-37-011521 CA-SDI-011521 Bedrock milling, lithic scatter, ceramic scatter, ground stone, faunal remains Prehistoric 1989
P-37-011522 CA-SDI-011522 Bedrock milling, rock features, lithic scatter, faunal remains Prehistoric 1989
P-37-011523 CA-SDI-011523 Bedrock milling, lithic scatter, ceramic scatter, ground stone, faunal remains Prehistoric 1989
P-37-011524 CA-SDI-011524 Bedrcok milling Prehistoric 1989
P-37-011529 CA-SDI-011529 Bedrock milling, rock features, lithic scatter, faunal remains Prehistoric 1989
P-37-011532 CA-SDI-011532 Bedrock milling Prehistoric 1989 P-37-014683 CA-SDI-014286 Bedrock milling, lithic scatter, ground stone Prehistoric 1996 P-37-014746 Isolate: flake Prehistoric 1979 P-37-016197 CA-SDI-014736 Bedrock milling, lithic scatter, ceramic scatter Prehistoric 1998 P-37-017105 CA-SDI-015119 Bedrock milling Prehistoric 2008 P-37-018384 CA-SDI-015587 Bedrock milling Prehistoric 1999
P-37-019020 CA-SDI-013714 Possible hearths, lithic scatter, ceramic scatter, ground stone Prehistoric 1994
P-37-019022 CA-SDI-013716 Bedrock milling Prehistoric 1994
P-37-024332 CA-SDI-016141 Bedrock milling, lithic scatter, ceramic scatter, ground stone, faunal remains Prehistoric 2017
P-37-024333 CA-SDI-016142 Lithic scatter, ceramic scatter, ground stone, faunal remains Prehistoric 2001
P-37-026992 CA-SDI-017671 Bedrock milling Prehistoric 2005 P-37-030247 Utility pole Historic 2008 P-37-030290 Utility pole Historic 2008 DRAFT
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A letter was sent to the NAHC in Sacramento on January 17, 2019, requesting a search of their Sacred Lands Files. A reply was received form the NAHC on January 22, 2019. The reply stated that a search of the Sacred Lands Files produced negative results. Contact letters were sent out to all groups and individuals on the NAHC contact list on February 19, 2019. An e-mail response was received on February 20, 2019 from Mr. Clint Linton representing the Ipay Nation of Santa Ysabel. Mr. Linton requested additional information regarding the project. Mr. Linton was called by RECON archaeologist Harry Price on February 20, 2019, and the two discussed the project. Mr. Linton’s e-mail was forwarded to the City of Poway. Another reply from the contact list was received on February 21, 2019 from Ralph Goff of the Campo Band of Mission Indians. Mr. Goff requested a copy of the survey report and requested that a qualified Kumeyaay monitor be present for all future surveys and ground disturbing activities. The Campo reply was forwarded to the City of Poway on February 26, 2019.
6.2 Survey Results
The field survey of the project property was conducted on September 22, 2017 by RECON archaeologist Richard Shultz accompanied by Native American monitors Banning Taylor, Jr. and Alyssa Soto. The survey was conducted to identify previously unrecorded cultural resources and assess the potential for the project to affect any potentially significant cultural resources found on the project.
The majority of the project area had zero ground visibility due to the dense grass on the fairways and greens (Photograph 1). The areas outside the fairways and greens varied in visibility. Some areas were covered in leaf duff with 10 percent visibility (Photograph 2) and other areas had excellent visibility (Photograph 3). The survey team focused on the bedrock lining the fairways and greens (Photograph 4). The entire project area has been disturbed by the construction of the golf course and associated clubhouse, ancillary buildings, tennis courts, and roads. The areas outside the fairways and greens may have limited disturbance.
Two cultural resources were identified during the current field survey (Confidential Attachment 2). Resource 8858-RDS-001 consists of a bedrock milling feature. A single amorphous slick is located on a prominent vertical boulder between the ninth hole tee and eighth hole green, and surrounded by palm and eucalyptus trees. The slick measures approximately 100 by 60 centimeters. The second resource, 8858-RDS-002, consists of two bedrock milling features. Bedrock milling feature 1 contains one slick, measuring approximately 20 x 30 centimeters. It is located on a low triangular boulder surrounded by in situ outcrops and a push-pile of boulders, approximately 60 meters south of 8858-RDS-001 and 70 meters south of the eighth hole green. Bedrock milling feature 2 contains a basin/slick on a low embedded boulder, approximately 2 meters south of the above slick. The basin/slick measures approximately 30 x 40 centimeters. Both features are located west of Stoneridge Country Club Lane and surrounded by palm trees. No surface artifacts were noted at either resource location. The level of disturbance was difficult to determine; however, the bedrock milling features appear to be at their original elevations implying DRAFT
P:\8858\Arc\Photos 09/27/17
PHOTOGRAPH 1 Zero Ground Visibility on Fairways
PHOTOGRAPH 2 Areas Covered in Some Leaf Duff DRAFT
P:\8858\Arc\Photos 09/27/17
PHOTOGRAPH 3 Area with Excellent Ground Visibility
PHOTOGRAPH 4 Typical Bedrock Outside the Fairways DRAFT
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minimal disturbances surrounding these features. California Department of Parks and Recreation Primary site forms were filled out for the two milling features and will be submitted to the SCIC. They are included as Confidential Attachment 2.
7.0 Regulations and Recommendations
7.1 Applicable Regulations
According to CEQA, a significant impact is a project effect that may cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource. Adverse changes include physical demolition, destruction, relocation, or alteration of the resource or its immediate surroundings resulting in the impairment of the resource’s significance (Section 15064.5.4b of the CEQA Guidelines). Mitigation measures are required for adverse effects on significant historical resources (Section 21083.2 CEQA Code).
State criteria are those listed in CEQA and used to determine whether a historic resource qualifies for the California Register of Historic Resources. CEQA also recognizes resources listed in a local historic register or deemed significant in a historical resource survey. Some resources that do not meet these criteria may still be historically significant for the purposes of CEQA.
A resource may be listed in the California Register of Historic Resources if it is significant at the federal, state, or local level under one of more of the four criteria listed below.
1. Are associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of local or regional history and cultural heritage of California or the United States.
2. Are associated with the lives of persons important to the nation or to California’s past.
3. Embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, region, or method of construction, or represents the work of an important creative individual, or possesses high artistic values.
4. Has yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history of the state or nation.
In addition to meeting one of the above criteria, a resource must have integrity. This means that the resource must evoke the resource’s period of significance or, in the case of criterion 4, it may be disturbed, but it must retain enough intact and undisturbed deposits to make a meaningful data contribution to regional research issues (California Code of Regulations Title 14, Chapter 11.5 Section 4852 [c]). DRAFT
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Unless demonstrated otherwise, archaeological sites with only a surface component are not typically considered significant resources. The determination of an archaeological site’s significance depends on a number of factors specific to that site including size, type, integrity, presence or absence of a subsurface deposit, soil stratigraphy, features, diagnostic artifacts, or datable material; artifact/ecofact density; assemblage complexity; cultural affiliation; association with an important person or event; and ethnic importance.
Since resources that are not listed or determined eligible for the state or local registers may still be historically significant, their significance must be determined if they are affected by a project.
According to CEQA, a significant impact is a project effect that may cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource. Adverse changes include physical demolition, destruction, relocation, or alteration of the resource or its immediate surroundings resulting in the impairment of the resource’s significance (Section 15064.5.4b, CEQA Guidelines). Mitigation measures are required for adverse effects on significant historical resources (Section 21083.2 CEQA Code).
7.2 Management Considerations
As currently designed, sites 8858-RDS-001 and 8858-RDS-002 will be impacted by the project grading. If avoidance of the two cultural resources is not feasible, a testing program should be conducted at each to determine if the resources qualify under criterion 4 of the CEQA criteria, and are likely to yield information important to the prehistory of San Diego. Phase 1 of the testing program would consist of excavation of three to four shovel test pits measuring 30 x 50 centimeters to determine the presence or absence of subsurface cultural material. Phase 2 would consist of excavation of two 1-x-1-meter units at each site and six to ten shovel test pits. The testing program will be sufficient to determine the horizontal extent of the surface component of the site. Site age and artifact density can also be determined during testing. If the sites are determined significant by the testing, additional mitigation in the form of a data recovery program will be required to reduce the impacts to the two sites to a less than significant level.
The project was constructed prior to the adoption of CEQA and there is no record of the project site being surveyed prior to construction. Some areas of the golf course, especially the fairways, may not have been extensively disturbed by grading, and RECON feels there is the potential for subsurface archaeological deposits to be present on the project site. Because of this RECON recommends a qualified archaeologist and Native American monitor be present for all ground disturbing activities. If archaeological materials are identified during construction activities, work in the immediate area shall cease and an archaeologist meeting the Secretary of the Interior’s Professional Qualifications Standards for Archaeology (National Park Service 1983) must evaluate the find. If the discovery proves to be significant under CEQA, a data recovery program shall be implemented.
According to State Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5, in the event that human remains (or remains that may be human) are discovered at the project site during grading DRAFT
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or earthmoving, the construction contractors shall immediately stop all activities in the immediate area of the find. The project proponent shall then inform the San Diego County Coroner and the City of Poway Development Services Division and the coroner shall examine the remains. If the coroner determines that the remains are of Native American origin, the coroner would notify the NAHC and the Commission would identify the Most Likely Descendent.
8.0 Certification and Project Staff
This report was prepared in compliance with the CEQA (Section 21083.2 of the Statutes and Appendix K of the Guidelines) and with policies and procedures of the City of Poway. To the best of our knowledge, the statements and information contained in this report are accurate.
_____________________________________________
Harry J. Price, Project Archaeologist
Resumes for key personnel are included in Attachment 1. The following individuals participated in the field tasks or preparation of this report.
Harry Price Project Archaeologist/co-author Richard Shultz Project Archaeologist/co-author Frank McDermott GIS Coordinator Stacey Higgins Senior Production Specialist
9.0 References Cited
Cline, Lora L. 1984a Just Before Dawn. L. C. Enterprises, Tombstone, Arizona. 1984b Just Before Sunset. J and L Enterprises, Jacumba, California. Cook, Sherburne F. 1976 The Population of California Indians, 1769-1970. Berkeley: University of California Press. Crawford, Richard 2010 The San Diego Aqueduct. San Diego Union-Tribune, August 7. Accessed at http://www.sandiegoyesterday.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/San-Diego-Aqueduct.pdf on September 26, 2017. DRAFT
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Gifford, Edward W. 1918 Clans and Moieties in Southern California. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 14(2):155 219. Berkeley. 1931 The Kamia of Imperial Valley. Bulletin of the Bureau of American Ethnology 97:1 94. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Kroeber, A. L. 1925 Handbook of the Indians of California. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 78. Washington, D.C. May, Ronald V. 1976 An Early Ceramic Date Threshold in Southern California. Masterkey 50(3):103-107. 1978 A Southern California Indigenous Ceramic Typology: A Contribution to Malcolm J. Rogers Research. ASA Journal 2:2. Meighan, Clement W. 1954 A Late Complex in Southern California Prehistory. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 10:215-227. National Park Service 1983 Secretary of the Interior’s Professional Qualifications Standards for Archaeology. Nationwide Environmental Title Research, LLC 2015 Historic Aerials. http://www.historicaerials.com/. Accessed on February 19, 2019. Poway, City of 2016 Poway History. Available at http://poway.org/156/Poway-History Rogers, Malcolm J. 1938 Archaeological and Geological Investigations of the Culture Levels in an Old Channel of San Dieguito Valley. Carnegie Institution of Washington Yearbook 37:344-45. 1939 Early Lithic Industries of the Lower Basin of the Colorado River and Adjacent Desert Areas. San Diego Museum of Man Papers 3. 1945 An Outline of Yuman Prehistory. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 1(2):167-198. Albuquerque. Rolle, Andrew 1998 California: A History. Harlan Davidson, Inc. Wheeling, Illinois. DRAFT
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Spier, Leslie 1923 Southern Diegueño Customs. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 20(16):295-358. Berkeley. True, Delbert L. 1970 Investigation of a Late Prehistoric Complex in Cuyamaca Rancho State Park, San Diego County, California. Department of Anthropology Publications, University of California, Los Angeles. Warren, Claude N., Gretchen Siegler, and Frank Dittmer 1993 Paleoindian and Early Archaic Periods. In Historic Properties Background Study for the City of San Diego Clean Waste Program. On file with Mooney and Associates. DRAFT
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ATTACHMENT 1
Resumes of Key Personnel DRAFT
Harry Price
Archaeologist/Architectural Historian
Experience Highlights
Field surveying, excavation, and monitoring
Experience evaluating properties for the National Register of Historic Places
Experience 42 years
Education/Registrations B.A. Anthropology, San Diego State University
Certifications/Permits City of San Diego Qualified Archaeological Principal Investigator
County of San Diego Approved CEQA Consultants List; Archaeology and Historic Resources
Orange County Certified Consultants List Archaeologists
County of Riverside Cultural Resources Consultants List
California BLM Cultural Resource Use Permit CA-16-05
Arizona BLM Cultural Resource Use Permit AZ-000590
Mr. Price is an experienced archaeologist in the areas of excavation, site mapping, soil profiling, column sampling, surface collection, and field reconnaissance. He serves as principal investigator for cultural resources projects in the City of San Diego and County of San Diego. He also serves as field crew supervisor, conducts field surveys, provides illustration of artifacts, and prepares maps of archaeological sites. Mr. Price's responsibilities include organizing personnel and equipment for work in the field, preparing daily field notes on progress and results, determining site sampling strategy (i.e., shovel tests, 1x1-meter units, trenching), placement of sample units, and site mapping.
Mr. Price's experience also includes Historic American Building Survey and Historic American Engineering Record documentation for historic structures. He has performed historic building evaluations and archival research for many historic structures in the San Diego area and is knowledgeable of the California Register of Historical Resources and National Register of Historic Places eligibility requirements.
Mr. Price is on the County of San Diego's Qualified Consultants List for the fields of Historic Resources and Archaeology, and is a City of San Diego qualified Archaeological Principal Investigator.
Avion Property, San Diego, CA
Mr. Price was the principal investigator for this 41-acre project, located on the north slope of Black Mountain in the community of Peñasquitos. The cultural resources survey identified a total of seven cultural resources, including two prehistoric sites, a historic farmstead, and a historic structure and associated road. Mr. Price developed the testing program for those sites that would be impacted by the proposed development.
El Capitan Dam Spillway Vegetation Removal Project, San Diego, CA
Mr. Price was a member of the archaeological team that surveyed this 75-acre project area. A total of 13 new cultural resources were recorded, including both historic and prehistoric sites. Mr. Price also assisted in writing portions of the cultural resources technical report. RECON DRAFT
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Arizona State Museum, Antiquities Act Blanket Permit 2016-053bl
Training National Preservation Workshop on Identification and Evaluation of Mid-20th Century Buildings
Riverside County Cultural Sensitivity Training Course, Register No. 241
recommended protective fencing and monitoring of vegetation removal activities near three cultural resources to mitigate any impacts to the resources.
City Hall/Town Hall Historic Resources, Del Mar, CA
Mr. Price was called to assess the potential for subsurface prehistoric or historic material to be present on the Del Mar City Hall/Town Hall project after major construction grading had been performed. Based on the record search, pre-project condition of the site, site visit after grading, and inspection of a sample of soils transported off-site and remaining disturbed soils on-site, he determined the soils contained a low potential for containing prehistoric cultural materials.
Summit Senior Living Project, Carlsbad, CA
Mr. Price served as project archaeologist for the Summit Senior Living facility located on El Camino Real in Carlsbad. The project proposes 86 assisted living and 12 memory support units and parking within a three-story space on the current site of the Madonna Hill Guest Home. The surveys were undertaken in accordance with the requirements of the City of Carlsbad Planning Department to identify potential impacts to biological and cultural resources under the CEQA and City of Carlsbad guidelines.
Banyan Mixed-Use, San Diego, CA
Mr. Price was the Principal Investigator for, and conducted the cultural resources survey of the proposed Aero Drive Multi-family Project property located in Kearny Mesa. The survey identified the KELCO Laboratory Building as a potentially significant historical resource requiring additional evaluation.
Ballantyne Street Affordable Housing Project, El Cajon, CA
Mr. Price conducted a cultural resources survey of the property at 585 Ballantyne Street in the City of El Cajon. Mr. Price also conducted the State Historic Preservation Office consultation for the project as part of the Environmental Assessment required due to Housing and Urban Development funding for the project.
Escondido Innovation Center, Escondido, CA
Mr. Price conducted a cultural resources survey for the Escondido Innovation Center Project, which proposed three light industrial buildings and associated parking on a 5.76-acre parcel. The survey identified two bedrock milling features within the proposed project footprint. Mr. Price developed and implemented a testing program to determine DRAFT
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the milling features' significance under CEQA and City of Escondido guidelines. The project also required coordination of Native American representatives from both the Luiseno and Kumeyaay communities.
Villa de Vida Residential Project, Poway, CA
Mr. Price completed a field and archival investigation of the 3.18-acre Villa de Vida Residential Project site in the City of Poway.
Sheriff Emergency Vehicle Operations Center, San Diego County, CA
Mr. Price participated as field crew during cultural resources constraints study for the in support of the development of the County Sheriff's Emergency Vehicle Operation Center.
Escondido Victory Industrial Park, Escondido, CA
Mr. Price completed a field and archival investigation of this 4.87-acre-parcel adjacent to Escondido Creek in southwestern Escondido. The property had been the site of a farmstead previously determined to not be a significant historical resource. Archaeological monitoring was recommended due to the project's proximity to a significant Late Prehistoric site. The project also required coordination of Native American representatives from both the Luiseno and Kumeyaay communities.
North Coastal Regional Center, Health and Human Services Agency, Oceanside, CA
Mr. Price conducted a historic evaluation of two existing buildings that comprise the County of San Diego's Health and Human Services Agency North Coastal Regional Center, in the City of Oceanside. Research conducted at the Oceanside Historical Society and on-line newspaper archives identified Robert A. Bradt as architect of one of the two buildings. The evaluation concluded that the two buildings, constructed between 1957 and 1960, were not eligible for inclusion on the California Register of Historical Resources.
Archaeological Evaluation for the Cottonwood Development Plan, Joshua Tree National Park, CA
RECON was under contract with the National Park Service for the identification, documentation, and evaluation of historic properties pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act at the Cottonwood campground area in Joshua Tree National Park. Mr. Price took part in the archaeological investigations including a systematic survey of the 176 acre area of potential effect (APE) and DRAFT
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archaeological testing to determine integrity and data potential of two archaeological sites potentially affected by the Development Plan design alternatives.
Del Mar City Hall/Town Hall Project, Del Mar, CA
The survey and evaluation were conducted by Mr. Price to determine the significance of two existing City Hall buildings that are over 50 years old that were to be demolished by the proposed Del Mar City Hall/Town Hall Project on the existing City administration property. The evaluation included a review of archival files at the Del Mar Historical Society, San Diego Historical Society, County of San Diego, and an on-foot reconnaissance of the parcel. The evaluation determined that neither building qualified for listing on the California Register of Historic Resources under any of the four criteria. In addition, neither building qualified as historically significant under City of Del Mar Municipal guidelines.
Westin Hotel and Timeshare Project, Carlsbad, CA
Mr. Price conducted a peer review of the Cultural Resources Survey Evaluation Program for the Westin Hotel and Timeshare Project to determine the adequacy of the cultural resources survey information and compliance with CEQA.
Chapman Solar Ranch Project, San Diego County, CA
Mr. Price conducted a cultural resources survey for the proposed Chapman Ranch Solar Project in Boulevard, San Diego County. The survey included the entire 132.94-acre Chapman Ranch parcel. A total of 17 previously unrecorded prehistoric and historic sites and 6 prehistoric isolates were found during the survey. As part of the survey process, Mr. Price coordinated with the Campo Reservation to provide local Native American monitors for the survey, and implemented mitigation for the sites within the proposed project footprint to reduce project impacts to below a level of significance.
Vidler Estates, San Marcos, CA
Mr. Price conducted a review of the cultural resources inventory report for the proposed residential development encompassing 4.86 acres.
South Magnolia Avenue Subdivision, El Cajon, CA
Mr. Price conducted a cultural resources survey for the South Magnolia Subdivision property in the City of El Cajon, California. The survey program included a record search at the South Coastal Information Center at San Diego State University and an on-foot survey of the DRAFT
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property. His survey identified a previously unrecorded prehistoric site on the property. Since avoidance of the site is not feasible, Mr. Price recommended implementation of a testing program for the identified site subject to CEQA standards.
372 Fourth Avenue Project, San Diego, CA
This report written by Mr. Price evaluated the potential for subsurface archaeological deposits to be present on the 372 Fourth Avenue Project parcel. Research included a review of the results of a records search at the California Historical Resources Information System South Coastal Information Center, a review of the 1876 Bird's Eye View drawing of San Diego, applicable Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps, and a review of the files at the San Diego Historical Society. This research was used to determine what buildings occupied the project site prior to the construction of the current warehouse building.
The report determined that the potential exists for subsurface historic archaeological deposits such as building foundations and trash deposits, to be present.
Dorothy Street Residence Project, Chula Vista, CA
Mr. Price prepared a technical analysis report for the City of Chula Vista to determine the impacts of a proposed multi-family development on a historic private residence at 753 Dorothy Street in the City of Chula Vista. The Spanish Colonial Revival Style residence had been recommended as being eligible for inclusion on the list of Chula Vista's Register of Historical Resources and the California Register of Historical Resources. The technical analysis included background information on the development of the parcel and house and a discussion of the integrity of the house. The report also evaluated the impacts on the integrity of the house from a proposed relocation of the house to either of two proposed sites on the parcel. Mr. Price determined relocation of the house to the preferred site would not significantly impact the integrity of the house and it would remain eligible for listing on both the Chula Vista and California registers. This determination was accepted by the City of Chula Vista.
Escondido Disposal Incorporated Master Plan, Escondido CA
Mr. Price completed the historic building evaluation of the Golfcraft office/manufacturing plant building as part of the environmental review of a proposed expansion/ modernization of the EDCO facility in the City of Escondido. The evaluation included a review of archival DRAFT
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files at the City of Escondido, Escondido Historical Society, San Diego Historical Society, County of San Diego, an on-foot reconnaissance of the parcel and evaluation of the building eligibility under CEQA and City of Escondido eligibility criteria. The report determined that the building was eligible for both the California Register of Historical Resources and the Escondido historic register.
Atmosphere Project in Downtown San Diego, CA
Mr. Price completed historic resource research reports for two pre-1960 buildings at 1434 and 1492 Fifth Avenue in downtown San Diego to determine their eligibility for listing on the California Register of Historical Resources and the San Diego Register of Historical Resources. These reports included architectural descriptions of the building, research results, photographs, and discussions and determinations of significance.
El Granito Rancho Adobe Historic Building Survey, El Cajon, CA
Mr. Price developed and directed the efforts to research and record an adobe house, wood-frame house, and barn prior to their demolition. Research included accessing primary material from various sources. Recordation included photo documentation of all buildings, exterior drawings of the wood-frame house, and exterior and interior drawings of the adobe. Research determined the adobe was constructed in 1941 by James Streeter.
Alpha Square Project in Downtown San Diego, CA
Mr. Price completed historic resource research reports for two pre-1950 buildings at Market Street and 14th Avenue in downtown San Diego. These reports included architectural descriptions of the building, photographs, and historic research, and were used to determine the building's eligibility for listing on the San Diego City Register of Historic Resources.
ARE Spectrum Redevelopment, San Diego, CA
Mr. Price was the Principal Investigator for this project, which began with a survey of the 7.1-acre project site. Responsibilities included conducting the record search, directing the field effort, coordinating the Native American monitor, and writing the technical report with recommendations for a complex of concrete foundations identified during the survey.
The Camelot Project, San Diego, CA
Mr. Price was the field director and co-author of the survey of this 67-acre property in the Rancho Peñasquitos area. DRAFT
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Responsibilities included conducting the record search, directing the field effort, coordination with the Native American monitor, and writing the technical report with mitigation recommendations for the prehistoric isolates found during the fieldwork.
The Elms and The Ivy Property, San Diego, CA
Mr. Price was the Principal Investigator for this project, which began with a survey of the 33.7-acre site. The survey identified a large prehistoric site on the property. Mr. Price developed the research design, implemented the testing program, which consisted of surface scrapes and subsurface trenches, and wrote the report of findings and determination of significance.
Kaiser Sea Breeze Carmel View Project, San Diego, CA
Mr. Price was Principal Investigator for the monitoring program and co-author of the monitoring/mitigation report. Responsibilities included coordination of field personnel and Native American monitors with construction schedule and writing/implementation of a testing program to evaluate two small historic-period archaeological deposits found during the monitoring program. Mr. Price co-authored the mitigation report, which determined both features were not significant historical resources under any of the four CEQA criteria or City of San Diego criteria.
Allied Imperial Landfill Expansion, Imperial County, CA
Mr. Price was project archaeologist for the monitoring program for the landfill expansion. Responsibilities included conducting the record search, directing the field effort, coordination with the Native American representative, and writing the monitoring findings report.
Crystal View Terrace/Green Orchard Place/Overlook Parkway, Riverside, CA
Mr. Price was the project archaeologist in charge of the cultural resources survey of the three project areas, during which two bedrock milling features, a house foundation, and historic standpipes were recorded. The Crystal View Terrace/Green Orchard Place/Overlook Parkway project involves the local roadway system in the eastern portion of the City of Riverside, southeast of Interstate 91.
Balboa Park Plaza de Panama, San Diego, CA
Mr. Price conducted the archaeological survey for this 53.4-acre project site. Responsibilities included conducting the record search, directing the field effort, coordination with the Native American monitor, and writing the technical DRAFT
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report with mitigation recommendations. The field survey found two previously unrecorded shell scatters within the project boundary. Mr. Price wrote and directed the testing program for the two shell scatters and a previously recorded subsurface historic trash deposit, all of which were determined not to be significant historical resources.
The Glen at Scripps Ranch, San Diego, CA
Mr. Price was the field director and co-author of the survey of this 53.4-acre property. Responsibilities included conducting the record search, directing the field effort, coordination with the Native American monitor, and writing the technical report with mitigation recommendations.
Coyne Ranch Project, Imperial County, CA
Mr. Price was the project archaeologist and field director for the survey of this 129.45-acre property. Responsibilities included conducting the record search, directing the field effort, and writing the technical report with mitigation recommendations.
Alliance Regional Center, Imperial County, CA
Mr. Price was the project archaeologist for the cultural resource survey for the 25-acre project in Imperial County. The project included consultation with the State Historic Preservation Officer for a determination of no adverse effect to historical resources.
Fallbrook Community Airpark, San Diego County, CA
Mr. Price conducted the pedestrian survey of the 33-acre Fallbrook airport for the County of San Diego. The survey was for proposed improvements recommended for addressing operational safety and efficiency in the context of future airport demands. Mr. Price also co-authored the survey report.
Imperial Solar Energy Center (CSOLAR) South and West Projects, Imperial County, CA
Mr. Price participated in the cultural resource survey for two utility-scale solar energy projects in western Imperial County. The two project sites consist of a photovoltaic solar field and associated transmission lines and cover over 2,000 acres of both private lands and BLM lands in Imperial County.
Mount Laguna Air Force Station, San Diego County, CA
Mr. Price co-authored a National Register of Historic Places eligibility evaluation of the Mount Laguna Air Force DRAFT
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Station (MLAFS) located in the Cleveland National Forest. The evaluation for potential eligibility for inclusion on the National Register involved a building-by-building inspection of the remaining 23 buildings and the development of a historic context of MLAFS to use in the evaluation process. In addition, a cultural resources survey of the 140 acres of MLAFS was also conducted.
Restaurant Depot, San Diego, CA
Mr. Price was field director of the monitoring/data recovery program and co-author of the mitigation monitoring report. Monitoring for the proposed 70,000-square-foot wholesale warehouse building revealed the presence of a historic-period archaeological site consisting of six features, two of which were associated with early twentieth century tuna cannery workers housing. The report was awarded the Certificate of Merit for Outstanding Technical Report from the AEP San Diego Chapter and City of San Diego Historical Resources Board Award of Excellence for Archaeology.
Ocotillo Airstrip Extension, Imperial County, CA
Mr. Price was the project archaeologist for this job, which consisted of extending the existing Ocotillo Airstrip, located in the western portion of Imperial County, approximately one mile northwest of the community of Ocotillo. The proposed extension is approximately 2,203 feet long and an area of approximately 45 acres was surveyed for cultural resources.
Clinicas de Salud del Pueblo Expansion Project, Imperial County, CA
Mr. Price co-authored a National Register of Historic Places eligibility evaluation of a building constructed between 1928 and 1937. The building was part of a proposed project in the City of Brawley and involved renovation and expansion of the existing Clinic complex. The evaluation determined the historic building at 945 G Street, qualified for listing on the National Register of Historic Places under Criterion C, at the local level of significance. Because the project could not be redesigned, a program of mitigation to reduce impacts to the historic building was developed in conjunction with the State Historic Preservation Office, including a HABS Level III recordation of the building and installation of an interpretive plaque in the new Clinicas reception area.
Jacumba Airport Project, San Diego, CA
Mr. Price participated in the survey of a 12-acre lot proposed for a new building and the perimeter of the DRAFT
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airport in order to determine the impacts of the installation of a security fence. The purpose was to give guidance in project design and citing of projects at the airport. Two previously recorded sites and two newly recorded sites were identified. A footprint location for the new building to avoid impacts to the cultural resources and construction monitoring for the building and the fence installation were recommended.
Alvarado Apartments IS/MND, San Diego, CA
Mr. Price conducted the cultural resource survey of a 9.9-acre developed property for redevelopment of apartment complex. Project duties included record search, survey, Native American coordination, and report of negative findings.
Hauser Mountain Fuels Project, San Diego County, CA
Mr. Price participated in a Class III cultural resources survey for the Hauser Mountain Fuels Project on 310 acres in eastern San Diego County. The project was for a plan to reduce fire hazards by clearing, grazing, and prescribed fires. Mr. Price also co-authored the survey results report.
RiverBend, San Diego, CA
Mr. Price completed a historical resource technical report investigation as part of this project in the City of San Diego. The report evaluated four buildings on the property that appeared to be more than 45 years old for eligibility for listing on the California Register of Historical Resources and the San Diego Register of Historical Resources. Research using various sources and architectural descriptions and photographs of the four structures were completed.
Borrego Valley Airport Improvement Sites, San Diego, CA
For this County of San Diego project, Mr. Price served as project archaeologist responsible for conducting a pedestrian survey on an approximately 18-acre parcel located immediately west of the Borrego Valley Airport and five airport improvement locations within the airport. Mr. Price also conducted the construction monitoring, and wrote the monitoring report.
Data Recovery Excavations, Carlsbad, CA
Mr. Price was the field director and co-author of the data recovery efforts on two small Late Prehistoric sites above San Marcos Creek (CA-SDI-11569 and CA-SDI-11570). Responsibilities included developing the data recovery research design, directing the field crew, overseeing DRAFT
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cataloging and analysis in the lab, and co-authoring the report presenting findings and recommendations.
Arizona National Guard's Buckeye Military Reservation, Maricopa County, AZ
Mr. Price participated in the National Register qualification evaluation of four previously recorded archaeological sites in support of a proposed increase of training on the Buckeye Military Reservation, a parcel encompassing some 1,481 acres located north of Buckeye, Maricopa County, Arizona.
South Orange Avenue, Escondido, CA
Mr. Price was the project architectural historian for this redevelopment project in Escondido. He was responsible for background research, on-site current conditions survey, and buildings evaluation report with mitigation recommenda-tions for these four buildings (three residences and an outbuilding) built between 1930 and 1960. The evaluation included archival, aerial photography, and architectural research following CEQA and City of Escondido Guidelines.
La Cresta, San Diego, CA
Mr. Price participated in the survey, testing and recordation for this project. Testing of the site consisted of ten shovel test pits and eight soil profiles. The purpose of the shovel test pits was to identify the presence or absence of cultural material and thus determine if any cultural resources had been disturbed during the flood control activities conducted by the County of San Diego Department of Public Works.
Selected Bureau of Land Management Road Closures in the Yuha Desert and East Mesa, Imperial County, CA
Mr. Price served as project archaeologist responsible for conducting pedestrian surveys on 228 acres on road segments slated for closure and revegetation by the Bureau of Land Management in western Imperial Valley. Mr. Price authored the report of findings and recommendations dealing with the numerous prehistoric sites identified during the surveys.
Navy SERE Remote Training Site, Warner Springs, CA
Mr. Price participated in a Class II sample survey for the proposed expansion of the U.S. Navy Remote Training Site, Warner Springs. The survey covered approximately 6,400 acres of the total 12,544-acre project area. This property is owned and/or managed by the Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Forest DRAFT
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Service, and Vista Irrigation District, requiring effective coordination and communication among all parties. He compiled the Department of Parks and Recreation forms for 125 cultural resources identified during the survey.
Needles/Topock Bank Stabilization Project, Havasu National Wildlife Refuge, Mohave County, AZ
Mr. Price participated in the survey of approximately 75 acres in the Havasu National Wildlife Refuge as part of a bank stabilization project to control erosion on the east bank of the Colorado River. The goal of the survey was to identify, record, and inventory any cultural resources within the project footprint.
Otay Mesa Community Plan Update, San Diego, CA
Mr. Price co-authored the cultural resources report for the 9,319-acre Otay Mesa Community Plan Update (CPU), which evaluated the potential effect of the adoption of the proposed update on prehistoric and historic cultural resources within the plan area. Mr. Price helped develop a mitigation framework which provides steps and procedures for review of future projects associated with implementation of the CPU.
Data Recovery Excavations of CA-SDI-14971, -16695, and -16696, for the Via de la Valle Road Widening Project, San Diego, CA
As Principal Investigator for this project, Mr. Price developed the multi-phased data recovery program for three Late Prehistoric sites that are to be impacted by the proposed road widening. He is also the primary author of the data recovery report and is in the process of finalizing the content of the mitigation monitoring reporting program to be implemented during construction.
Via de la Valle Road Widening Project, San Diego, CA
Mr. Price was the principal investigator of the significance testing program for four previously recorded archaeological sites within the project impact area. Responsibilities included developing the testing program research design, directing the field crew, coordinating the Native American monitors, overseeing cataloging and analysis in the lab, and authoring the report presenting findings of significance and recommendations for a data recovery program.
Mission to San Miguel Substation 230-kiloVolt Transmission Line #2, San Diego County, CA
Mr. Price conducted a cultural resources survey for this 230-kiloVolt transmission line access road. The route follows existing transmission lines within an existing DRAFT
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SDG&E utility easement for approximately 35 miles and extends through the cities of El Cajon, Santee, and San Diego, and a portion of the U.S. Marine Corps Air Station Miramar. The cultural resource investigation was undertaken to satisfy the conditions of project approval, regarding cultural resources, as requested by the California Public Utilities Commission and as identified in CEQA.
Wal-Mart/Escondido Union School District Planned Development Project, Escondido, CA
Mr. Price conducted archival photographic research on history of a half-round metal building constructed by the Escondido Water District to determine its significance under CEQA and City of Escondido Guidelines.
Ancient Lake Cahuilla Shoreline, Target Area 101, Naval Air Facility El Centro, CA
Mr. Price participated in the cultural resource survey for this project involving a cultural resources inventory of 2,000 acres along a portion of the ancient Lake Cahuilla shoreline at Naval Air Facility El Centro.
Riverpark at Mission Gorge, San Diego, CA
Mr. Price was the project archaeologist responsible for conducting record search, directing the field effort, and writing the technical report with mitigation recommendations for this 395-acre redevelopment project in Mission Gorge. The project included the relocation and evaluation of several segments of the Old Mission Flume, a city, state, and federally listed historical resource.
Construction Monitoring for a 230-kiloVolt Transmission Line on BLM Lands, Imperial Valley to the U.S./Mexico Border, CA
Mr. Price participated in archaeological field surveys, significance testing, and monitoring for the construction of two 230-kiloVolt transmission lines in Imperial County. As a project monitor, he was present for the drilling of the tower footings, cement form setup, cement pouring, and initial lattice assembly.
Holly Springs Property, Carlsbad, CA
Mr. Price was the field director and co-author of the significance testing program for a small two-loci Late Prehistoric site north of Agua Hedionda Creek (CA-SDI-16661). Responsibilities included developing the data recovery research design, directing the field crew, overseeing cataloging and analysis in the lab, and co-authoring the report presenting findings and recommendations for the site. DRAFT
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Penasquitos West, San Diego, CA
Mr. Price was field director of the monitoring/testing program and co-author of the monitoring/mitigation report. During the grading monitoring, artifacts from an adjacent prehistoric site were identified. As a result, a data recovery program was implemented. Because the initial testing program produced a duplication of information from previous testing programs, no additional excavation was determined necessary to mitigate the impacts to the newly discovered extension of the site.
Representative Projects
Test Excavations for the San Vicente Road Improvement Project, San Diego County, CA
Cultural Resource Survey and Test Excavation for Sewer Group 698, San Diego, CA
Test Excavation for the Emery Road Realignment Project, Tecate. San Diego County, CA
Archaeological Monitoring and Test Excavations for the Agua Caliente Pool and Campsite Improvements Project, San Diego County, CA
Cultural Resource Testing for the Hazard Center Redevelopment Project, Mission Valley, San Diego, CA
Cultural Resource Evaluation and Determination of National Register of Historic Places Eligibility for three Archaeological Sites, CA-SDI-10688, CA-SDI-14681, and CA-SDI-14682, on U.S. MCB Camp Pendleton, for Southwest Division NAVFACENGCOM
Test Excavation at CA-SDI-16,646 for the Lawson Valley Bridge Replacement Project, San Diego County, CA
Monitoring for the San Dieguito Lagoon Restoration Project, Del Mar, City of San Diego, CA
Monitoring for the Arbor Terrace Project, North Park, City of San Diego, CA
Monitoring for a Portion of the West Clusters Development Grading, Black Mountain Ranch, San Diego, CA
Monitoring for the Veterinary Specialty Hospital Grading, Sorrento Valley, San Diego, CA
Monitoring for AAA Office, Mission Valley, San Diego, CA
Monitoring for Camino Del Sur and Lusardi Creek Bridge Grading, Black Mountain Ranch, San Diego, CA
Monitoring for the Egyptian Condominiums, San Diego, CA DRAFT
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Monitoring for Construction at MILCON P-634, MCB Camp Pendleton, CA
Cultural Resources Survey for BLM Dulzura Fuel Break, Dulzura, CA
Cultural Resources Survey of a Portion of the Golf Training Area, MCB Camp Pendleton, CA
Cultural Resource Survey of the Archstone Mission Gorge Development Project, Mission Gorge, City of San Diego, CA
Cultural Resource Survey of the River Park Equestrian Center, Del Mar, City of San Diego, CA
Cultural Resources Survey for Chula Vista Bayfront Master Plan EIR, Chula Vista, CA
Cultural Resources Survey for Santee Town Center Specific Plan Amendment, Santee, CA
Cultural Resource Survey and Building Evaluation of the AMCAL Multi-housing Project, El Centro, CA
Evaluation of the Ivey Ranch House at the Ivey Ranch Park, Oceanside, CA
Historic American Engineering Record Documentation of Six Base End Stations in the White's Point Reservation, Los Angeles County, CA
Evaluation and Documentation of the Alta Loma Heights Citrus Association Packing House, Rancho Cucamonga, CA.
Cultural Resource Surveys of Portions of Eight County Parks, San Diego, CA
Cultural Resource Evaluation and Determination of National Register of Historic Places Eligibility for Two Sites on MCB Camp Pendleton, CA
Data Recovery Excavations for the Western Portion of CA-SDI-13,727 in Valley Center, CA
Test Excavations of Site at Highway 94 and Jamacha Junction, San Diego, CA
Dry Lakes Data Recovery at 4-IMP-5620 for the Bureau of Land Management, Imperial County, CA
Testing at 9 Sites in The Villages and The Ranch at Stallions Crossing, San Diego, CA
Cultural Resource Survey of the Proposed Lake Murray, Cowles Mountain, and Fortuna Mountain Regional Park, San Diego, CA
Data Recovery of Nine Archaeological Sites at La Costa DRAFT
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North Lake and Golf Course Complex, Carlsbad, CA
Data Recovery at Campus Point, San Diego, CA
Cultural Resource Survey for the Hieatt-Jett Property, Carlsbad, CA
Archaeological Testing of Six Sites at the Proposed North City West, Seventh Development Unit, City of San Diego, CA
Extended Initial Studies at Mira Costa Estates, San Diego, CA
Cultural Resource Survey for Areas VII and VIII of The El Sobrante Landfill Expansion, Riverside County, CA
Archaeological Field Survey of Saint William of York Property, San Diego, CA
Cultural Resource Survey for the El Corazon Property, Oceanside, CA
Cultural Resource Survey for Los Peñasquitos Canyon Preserve, San Diego, CA
Data Recovery at Ten Archaeological Sites at Westwood Valley, San Diego, CA
Data Recovery at Santee Greens Development, El Cajon, CA
Excavations at Los Peñasquitos (Johnson Taylor) Ranch House, San Diego, CA
Testing of Archaeological Sites at Travertine Material Site, San Diego, CA
Testing of Sites for a Portion of State Route 52/Interstate 15, San Diego, CA
Cultural Resource Survey of the Sunshine Beradini Fields Development Plan Property, San Diego, CA
Cultural Resource Survey of the Robertson's Oceanside, Concrete Facility, City of Oceanside, CA
Cultural Resource Survey for the BLM Hauser Mountain Fuel Break, San Diego County, CA
Cultural Resource Survey for the BLM Beauty Mountain Fuel Break, San Diego and Riverside Counties, CA
DRAFT
Richard Shultz, RPA
Archaeologist
Experience Highlights
California BLM Cultural Resource Use Permit
Field surveying, excavation, and monitoring
Meets the Secretary of Interior Standards for Archaeology
Experience 31 years
Education/Registrations M.A. Cultural Resources Management, Sonoma State University
B.A. Anthropology, San Diego State University
Registered Professional Archaeologist, 15841
Certifications/Permits California BLM Cultural Resource Use Permit CA-19-02
Arizona BLM Cultural Resource Use Permit AZ-000679
Nevada BLM Cultural Resource Use Permit N-93693
City of San Diego Qualified Archaeological Principal
Mr. Shultz brings 30 years of practical experience to RECON's cultural resources management discipline. His experience includes numerous historical and archaeological surveys, testing, data recovery, monitoring programs, as well as conducting other research agenda. He has worked with federal and state agencies such as the Bureau of Land Management, the Department of Agriculture Forest Service, the Department of Defense, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the Department of Homeland Security, the California Department of Transportation, the California Public Utilities Commission, and the State Water Resources Control Board. He has successfully implemented the requirements of Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA), as well as requirements of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), the EPA, CEQA, the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) guidelines, and the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA). Mr. Shultz is experienced with integrating archaeological theory and principles with Native American concerns for site protection. He has project experience across California, as well as in the mountain and desert regions of the southwestern United States.
Jacumba Operational Roads Project, Imperial County, CA
Mr. Shultz is serving as the principal investigator and field director for the cultural resources surveys for the Jacumba Roads project in support of an Environmental Assessment. The project entails maintenance, repair, and improvement of 36 miles of roads due to their poor condition and lack of routine maintenance. Mr. Shultz has surveyed a portion of the project, and has already identified and documented prehistoric and historic-period cultural resources. Surveys are ongoing.
Cultural Resources Monitoring for the Goldmine Tap to Knob Wood Pole Replacement Project, Imperial County, CA
The Western Area Power Administration replaced 161 wood pole structures along the Goldmine Tap to Knob transmission line in Imperial County located on private and BLM lands. As principal investigator, Mr. Shultz served as the primary archaeological monitor, established exclusion zones and limits of work areas around previously identified DRAFT
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Investigator and Monitor
County of Riverside Cultural Resources Consultants List
Orange County Certified Archaeologists Consultants List
California Department of Transportation, PQS Equivalent, Principal Investigator in Prehistoric Archaeology and Principal Architectural Historian
Nevada State Museum, Antiquities Permit 533
Training Unexploded Ordnance Safety Training for Archaeological Survey and Excavation Programs, MCAGCC 29 Palms, MCB Camp Pendleton, Fort Irwin, and Naval Air Facility, El Centro
ARC-GIS 9.x - BLM Cultural Tool Database System
cultural resources, identified previously undocumented resources, relocated mismapped previously recorded trails, and provided cultural resources awareness education to line crews rotating into the project as needed.
CBP El Centro Sector, Alamo River Vegetation Control, Imperial County, CA
RECON prepared an environmental assessment and technical support associated with vegetation control activities along 12 acres of the Alamo River to increase visibility and enhance patrol capabilities at the U.S./Mexico border. As principal investigator and field archaeologist, Mr. Shultz conducted a pedestrian survey of the 12.95-acre area of potential effect (APE). A records search was requested from the South Coastal Information Center and the Native American Heritage Commission. The results of the survey were presented in a letter report.
Class III Cultural Resources Inventory for the Saguaro-Tucson 115-kV Transmission Line, Tucson, AZ
Mr. Shultz served as field director and report author for U.S. Department of Energy, Western Area Power Administration, Desert Southwest Region (WAPA), Class III cultural resources survey for the Saguaro-Tucson 115-kiloVolt transmission line. He completed site assessment updates and impact analysis.
Sheriff Emergency Vehicle Operations Center, San Diego County, CA
Mr. Shultz participated as field crew during cultural resources constraints studyin support of the development of the County Sheriff's Emergency Vehicle Operation Center.
Potrero Park Restroom, Stage and Picnic Area Electrical Upgrades, San Diego County, CA
Mr. Shultz was the lead archaeologist for the archaeological monitoring at the Potrero County Park for underground trenching activities for the placement of electrical conduit. Mr. Shultz co-authored the negative survey report as no cultural resources were identified and the project resulted in no impacts to cultural resources.
Peace Park Biological Evaluation, Sandy Valley, NV
Mr. Shultz served as project archaeologist for the Sandy Valley Peace Park project, conducting background research through both the Southern Nevada Archaeological Archive and the California Historical Resources Information System, followed by a survey of the 18-acre parcel located in Clark County, Nevada. The proposed undertaking was partially funded through a U.S. Housing and Urban DRAFT
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Development grant, thereby subjecting the project to review under Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended.
Archaeological Evaluation for the Cottonwood Development Plan, Joshua Tree National Park, CA
RECON provided the National Park Service documents for the identification, documentation, and evaluation of historic properties pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act at the Cottonwood campground area in Joshua Tree National Park. As principal investigator, Mr. Shultz carried out the research design and work plant to evaluate previously documented archeological deposits. The archaeological investigations included a systematic survey of the 176-acre Area of Potential Effect (APE) and archeological testing to determine integrity and data potential of 2 archeological sites potentially affected by the Development Plan design alternatives.
Evaluation Plan and Archaeological Testing of Two Sites for the Isabella Dam Safety Modification Project, Kern County, CA
RECON, under contract with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, helped to complete an evaluation plan and testing of two sites within the Isabella Dam Safety Modification Project located in the Sequoia National Forest. Mr. Shultz participated as field crew during the test excavation phase of the project. He was responsible for surface collection, unit excavations, and daily notes.
Chapman Solar Ranch Project, San Diego County, CA
Mr. Shultz participated in the archaeological survey of the 135 acre project area. The project parcel would be impacted by construction of a solar generating facility, gen-tie components, and access roads. Mr. Shultz assisted in identifying and recording cultural resources and isolated artifacts.
Nelson Lake Flight Landing Strip, National Training Center, Fort Irwin, San Bernardino County, CA
Mr. Shultz was one of the Secretary of Interior qualified archaeological monitors for the construction of the C-17 capable landing strip. This project that consisted of both day and night construction to meet the aggressive completion deadline. Mr. Shultz was present during the grading for the project, recorded daily notes, and kept the current Base cultural resources team informed of his findings. When monitoring exposed one feature, he followed discovery procedures, including consulting with the Base Archaeologist, and took detailed notes and photographs. DRAFT
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Mr. Shultz also exercised the safety protocols after identifying two unexploded ordinance devices within the excavation area.
Indiana Street Apartments, San Diego, CA
Mr. Shultz served as project archaeologist for the proposed Indiana Street Apartments project, conducting survey and providing support for a MND for the City of San Diego.
Delaware Street Apartments, Huntington Beach, CA
Mr. Shultz completed the cultural resources survey in support of the development of the Delaware Street Apartments Project. The results of the survey were used to prepare a letter to State Historic Preservation Office requesting concurrence of no effect to historic properties.
Vidler Estates, San Marcos, CA
Mr. Shultz served as project archaeologist for the proposed Vidler Estates project, conducting survey and providing support for a MND for the City of San Marcos.
Heritage Bluffs Thread-leaved Brodiaea Translocation Program, San Diego, CA
Mr. Shultz served as the primary archaeological monitor for this 43-acre housing development project in the Black Mountain Ranch subarea of the City of San Diego. He was responsible for implementing the mitigation monitoring and reporting program for the project. He was present during the grading, recorded daily notes, and coordinated Native American monitoring schedule.
The Elms and The Ivy Property, San Diego, CA
Mr. Shultz participated as a field director during the survey and subsequent data recovery programs of the 33.7-acre project. Responsibilities included directing and supervising six field archaeologists, maintaining project paperwork including daily photos and notes, communicating updates to the project manager, and ensuring that the project was completed on time and on budget.
Kaiser Sea Breeze Carmel View Project, San Diego, CA
Mr. Shultz served as an archaeological monitor for the project, which uncovered two small historic-period trash deposits. Both features were determined not to be significant historical resources under any of the CEQA criteria or City of San Diego criteria a-f.
Pinto Basin Road Rehabilitation EA and BA, Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, CA
Mr. Shultz served as the primary archaeological monitor for this 43-acre housing development project in the Black DRAFT
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Mountain Ranch subarea of the City of San Diego. He was responsible for implementing the mitigation monitoring and reporting program for the project. He was present during the grading, recorded daily notes, and coordinated Native American monitoring schedule.
Imperial Solar Energy Center (CSOLAR) South and West Projects, Imperial County, CA
Mr. Shultz served as the field director for the Imperial Solar Energy Centers South and West projects in Imperial Valley within portion of the Yuha Desert. The project consisted of two utility-scale solar energy project sites (photovoltaic solar field and associated transmission lines) covering over 3,000 acres of both private and BLM lands. As part of this effort he and his crew recorded 65 sites and 110 isolated artifacts. Mr. Shultz also attended one tribal meeting and one site visit with a member of Cocopah and a member from the San Pasqual Band of Indians.
Mount Laguna Air Force Station, San Diego County, CA
Mr. Shultz participated in the building-by-building survey of 23 remaining buildings in order to evaluate them for National Register of Historic Places eligibility for the Mount Laguna Air Force Station located in Cleveland National Forest.
San Vicente Road Improvements Project, San Diego, CA
Mr. Shultz served as a field archaeologist responsible for completing archaeological test excavations within the area of proposed impact in order to comply with the County's cultural review requirements in accordance with CEQA. The test excavations consisted of 16 shovel test pits and three one-by-one meter units.
Emery Road Realignment, County of San Diego, CA
The proposed project is the realignment of an existing one-quarter mile section of the Emery Road which would result in the construction of new culverts to serve the realigned roadway. Mr. Shultz assisted during the data recovery program phase of this project.
Borrego Valley Airport Improvement Sites, San Diego, CA
Mr. Shultz was the Principal Investigator responsible for providing cultural resources services to the County of San Diego Department of Public Works for the Borrego Valley Airport, which required conducting agency and field research and documentation for recommendations in DRAFT
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support of the Federal Aviation Administration NEPA documentation.
Group Job 809 Archaeological Data Recovery and Construction Monitoring, San Diego, CA
Mr. Shultz was the field director for preconstruction data recovery project at two large-area archaeological deposits in the highly urban area of La Jolla. The project required considerable coordination with construction crews, city engineers, local residents, and off-site RECON wet-screen staff.
Heritage Resource Sample Survey at Remote Training Site, Warner Springs, CA
Mr. Shultz participated in, and documented the results of, a Class II sample survey for the proposed expansion of the U.S. Navy Remote Training Site, Warner Springs. The two-phase systematic sample survey covered approximately 6,400 acres of the total 12,544-acre project area in the upper San Luis Rey watershed in northern San Diego County. The survey identified two ethnographic village sites and numerous supporting resource locations.
Lower Colorado River Cultural Landscape Study and Sears Point Ethnography Study, Yuma, AZ
Mr. Shultz completed site forms and documents research in support of an ethnographic study of the Sears Point Area of Critical Environmental Concern (ACEC), for the BLM Yuma Field Office.
Lawson Valley Road Bridge Replacement Project, San Diego County, CA
Mr. Shultz served as interim principal investigator on this Caltrans-sponsored bridge replacement project, where he prepared a data recovery plan as a response to findings during monitoring operations.
Ancient Lake Cahuilla Shoreline, Target Area 101, Naval Air Facility El Centro, CA
Mr. Shultz conducted a cultural resource survey of a portion of ancient Lake Cahuilla. The survey identified over 2,200 heritage resources, which helped define an archaeological district within a cultural landscape, both of which are considered eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places.
HABS/HAER, White's Point Reservation, Base Ends Station B '1-B' 6, CA
The project involved the evaluation and documentation of six base end stations. Mr. Shultz hand-excavated each base DRAFT
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end station to expose the full front elevation and the forward third two more elevations. He also completed detailed drawings, which were submitted to the Library of Congress.
Selected Bureau of Land Management Road Closures in the Yuha Desert and East Mesa, Imperial County, CA
Mr. Shultz conducted cultural resource surveys for a two-phase heritage resources inventory of road segments in the West Mesa area of Imperial County. The first phase entailed a reconnaissance or intensive survey of 29 miles, as appropriate, while the second phase covered just under 55 miles.
Previous Experience
Class III Cultural Resources Inventory in Carrizo Plain National Monument, San Luis Obispo County, CA
Mr. Shultz participated in a Class III sample survey of over 3,900 acres of the Carrizo Plain National Monument in preparation of a Proposed Resource Management Plan and Final Environmental Impact Statement, documenting numerous historical and archaeological resources.
Positive Archaeological Survey Report for a Coastal Access Scenic Bikeway on 7a Portion of Port Road and Off-Highway Parcels in the City of Point Arena, Mendocino County, CA
This Caltrans sponsored project included an architectural and cultural resources survey for a proposed bikeway in the City of Point Arena. Mr. Shultz was responsible for project coordination, implementation, contact with Native American representatives, records search, field evaluations, report documentation, and proposal of recommendations.
Effects of Fire and Fire Management on Cultural Resources, Point Reyes National Seashore, National Parks Service, Marin County, CA
Mr. Shultz developed documentation on the effects of fire and fire management on cultural resources, provided feasible mitigation measures, and conducted cultural resource surveys prior to prescribed burns for the Department of the Interior, Point Reyes National Seashore and Golden Gate National Recreation Area.
Highway 14 and 395/Freeman Gulch Four-lane Expansion Project, Caltrans District 10, Ridgecrest/Freeman Junction, Kern County, CA (Southwestern Great Basin)
As project archaeologist/crew chief with the Anthropological Studies Center, Mr. Shultz tested and evaluated for DRAFT
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inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places over 20 previously recorded cultural resources as part of a Caltrans proposed widening of two road alignments in Kern County. Sites were evaluated through the California Archaeological Resource Identification and Data Acquisition Program (CARIDAP).
Architectural Evaluation: Norwood Tentative Parcel Map, County of Sacramento, CA
Mr. Shultz documented and evaluated for inclusion on National Register of Historic Places/California Register of Historical Resources a circa 1905 residential building for the County of Sacramento Department of Environmental Review and Assessment.
Diamond Heritage Cultural Resources Survey, Plumas and Lassen National Forests, Mount Hough Ranger District, CA
Mr. Shultz conducted a cultural resources survey of 17,000 acres of Plumas National Forest in Plumas and Lassen Counties, visiting, updating, and documenting over 110 previously recorded sites, as well as documenting scores of previously unknown resources, including historic-period mining camps and homesteads, mining areas, Basque sheep camps and grazing lands, and high altitude, trans-mountain prehistoric sites.
Cultural Resources Services for the San Diego Border Barrier Project, Border Field State Park, San Diego, CA
Mr. Shultz served as Field and Laboratory Director on this Border Field Border Fence project, under which the U.S. Department of Homeland Security proposed to build an improved fence along the international border with Mexico. The Fort Worth US Army Corp of Engineers was responsible for overseeing environmental studies. Mr. Shultz was responsible for managing up to 18 field and 4 laboratory archaeologists. He successfully negotiated the multifaceted aspects of this project through constant open dialogue between federal and state agency heads, project construction personnel, and concerned Native American monitors.
Class III Cultural Inventory within the Pine Wash, Stokes, and Fife fuel reduction projects, Lincoln County and Ely District, NV
Mr. Shultz co-conducted a 2,700 acre cultural resource survey for a fuels reduction program issued by the BLM. Several previously recorded sites were revisited, site forms were updated as needed, and over 40 new prehistoric archaeological deposits were identified and documented. DRAFT
Cultural Resources Survey Report
The Farm in Poway Project
CONFIDENTIAL ATTACHMENTS
Not for Public Review DRAFT
A Cultural Resources Study for The Farms in Poway Project
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
APPENDIX F
Table 5.1–1
DRAFT
A Cultural Resources Study for The Farms in Poway Project
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1
Table 5.1–1
Archaeological Resources Located
Within One Mile of the Project
Site No. Description
SDI-0007 Rock art (petroglyphs and pictographs)
SDI-0008 Rock art (pictographs), bedrock milling,
a ceramic scatter, and ground stone
SDI-0010 Bedrock milling, lithic scatter, and wall remnants
SDI-0160 Masonry wall remnants
SDI-0576 Bedrock milling, lithic scatter, and ground stone
SDI-0578
Lithic scatter and ground stone SDI-0581
SDI-0582
SDI-0590 Bedrock milling, lithic scatter, ground stone
SDI-0807 Lithic scatter
SDI-0808 Bedrock milling and ceramic scatter
SDI-4561 Bedrock milling and lithic scatter
SDI-4564 Bedrock milling and a cremation
SDI-4565 Bedrock milling, lithic scatter,
ceramic scatter, and ground stone
SDI-4566 Lithic scatter
SDI-4567 Lithic scatter
SDI-4568 Lithic scatter and ground stone
SDI-4569 Lithic scatter and ground stone
SDI-7858 Bedrock milling, lithic scatter,
ceramic scatter, and ground stone
SDI-7859 Bedrock milling, lithic scatter, and ground stone
SDI-7860 Bedrock milling and ground stone
SDI-7862 Lithic scatter
SDI-7863 Lithic scatter
SDI-7864 Bedrock milling and lithic scatter
SDI-8745 Ceramic scatter and lithic scatter
SDI-8746 Bedrock milling
SDI-11,153 Bedrock milling
SDI-11,154 Lithic scatter
SDI-11,155 Lithic scatter and ground stone
SDI-11,516 Lithic scatter and ground stone
SDI-11,517 Bedrock milling
SDI-11,518H Historic foundation and adobe walls
SDI-11,519 Artifact scatter
SDI-11,520 Lithic scatter and ground stone DRAFT
A Cultural Resources Study for The Farms in Poway Project
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
2
Site No. Description
SDI-11,521 Bedrock milling, lithic scatter,
ceramic scatter, ground stone, and faunal remains
SDI-11,522 Bedrock milling, rock features,
lithic scatter, and faunal remains
SDI-11,523 Bedrock milling, lithic scatter,
ceramic scatter, ground stone, and faunal remains
SDI-11,524 Bedrock milling
SDI-11,525H Historic foundation and associated artifacts
SDI-11,527 Bedrock milling
SDI-11,528 Bedrock milling
SDI-11,529 Bedrock milling, rock features,
lithic scatter, and faunal remains
SDI-11,530 Artifact scatter
SDI-11,531 Artifact scatter
SDI-11,532 Bedrock milling
SDI-12,626 Bedrock milling and lithic scatter
SDI-12,627 Lithic scatter
SDI-13,714 Possible hearths, lithic scatter,
ceramic scatter, and ground stone
SDI-13,715 Historic single-family residence and ancillary structures
SDI-13,716 Bedrock milling
SDI-14,285 Bedrock milling, flakes, and a mano
SDI-14,286 Bedrock milling, lithic scatter, and ground stone
SDI-14,287 Bedrock milling
SDI-14,736 Bedrock milling, lithic scatter, and ceramic scatter
SDI-15,119 Bedrock milling
SDI-15,587 Bedrock milling
SDI-16,141 Bedrock milling, lithic scatter,
ceramic scatter, ground stone, and faunal remains
SDI-16,142 Lithic scatter, ceramic scatter, ground stone, and faunal remains
SDI-16,143 Bedrock milling with associated lithic and shell scatter
SDI-16,144 Bedrock milling
SDI-16,145 Bedrock milling
SDI-17,670 Bedrock milling
SDI-17,671 Bedrock milling
P-37-014746 Isolated flake
P-37-018586 Isolated debitage
P-37-018587 Isolated flake
P-37-030247 Utility pole
P-37-030290 Utility pole
SDI-22,010 Bedrock milling
DRAFT
A Cultural Resources Study for The Farms in Poway Project
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
APPENDIX G
Confidential Maps
(Deleted for Public Review; Bound Separately)
DRAFT
Cultural Resources Survey Report for
The Farm in Poway Project
Poway, California
Prepared for Kevin McNamara 12919 Corte Juana Poway, CA 92064
Prepared by RECON Environmental, Inc. 1927 Fifth Avenue San Diego, CA 92101 P 619.308.9333
RECON Number 8858-1 March 4, 2019
Harry Price, Project Archaeologist
Richard Shultz, M.A., Project Archaeologist
Cultural Resources Survey Report
The Farm in Poway Project i
NATIONAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL DATA BASE INFORMATION
Authors: Harry J. Price and Richard Shultz
Consulting Firm: RECON Environmental, Inc. 1927 Fifth Avenue San Diego, CA 92101-2358
Report Date: March 4, 2019
Report Title: Cultural Resources Survey Report for The Farm in Poway, Poway, California
Prepared for: Mr. Kevin McNamara
Contract Number: RECON Number 8858-1
USGS Quadrangle Map: Escondido, California, quadrangle, 1996 edition eastern half of Section 24, and the north half of Section 25, Range 02 West, Township 13 South, and the west quarter of Section 19, Range 01 West, Township 13 South,
Acreage: 117.45 acres
Keywords: Historical resources survey, City of Poway, negative survey results, Poway Creek.
ABSTRACT
RECON Environmental, Inc. (RECON) completed a field and archival investigation of The Farm in Poway project, at 17166 Stoneridge Country Club Lane, in the city of Poway, California. The project is bounded on the south by Espola Road, on the west and north by Saint Andrews Drive, and on the east by Boca Raton Lane, Tam O' Shanter Drive, and Cloudcroft Drive. Poway Creek runs through the southwest corner of the property. RECON conducted a record search of the archaeological data bases maintained at the South Coastal Information Center and requested a search of the Native American Heritage Sacred Lands Files.
The files at South Coastal Information Center had no prehistoric or historic archaeological sites recorded on or adjacent to the project property.
Two cultural resources were found during the current field survey. 8858-RDS-001 and 8858-RDS-002, that consist of bedrock milling features. As currently designed, sites 8858-RDS-001 and 8858-RDS-002 will be impacted by the project grading. If avoidance of the two cultural resources is not feasible, a testing program should be conducted at each to determine if the resources qualify under criterion 4 of the CEQA criteria, and are likely to yield information important to the prehistory of San Diego. The testing program will be
Cultural Resources Survey Report
The Farm in Poway Project ii
sufficient to determine significance of the sites under CEQA guidelines. If the sites are determined significant by the testing, additional mitigation in the form of a data recovery program will be required to reduce the impacts to the two sites to a less than significant level.
The project was constructed prior to the adoption of CEQA and there is no record of the project site being surveyed prior to construction. Some areas of the golf course, especially the fairways, may not have been extensively disturbed by original grading, and RECON feels there is the potential for subsurface archaeological deposits to be present on the project site. Because of this, RECON recommends a qualified archaeologist and Native American monitor representing the Kumeyaay community be present for all ground disturbing activities. If archaeological materials are identified during construction activities, work in the immediate area shall cease and an archaeologist meeting the qualifications of the City of Poway must evaluate the find. If the discovery proves to be significant under CEQA, a data recovery program shall be implemented.
Cultural Resources Survey Report
The Farm in Poway Project iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acronyms..................................................................................................................... iv
1.0 Management Summary .................................................................................. 1
2.0 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 2
3.0 Physical and Cultural Setting ...................................................................... 2
3.1 Physical Setting .................................................................................................. 2
3.2 Cultural Setting.................................................................................................. 6
4.0 Area of Potential Effect .................................................................................. 8
5.0 Study Methods .................................................................................................. 8
6.0 Survey Results ................................................................................................. 8
6.1 Record Search ..................................................................................................... 8
6.2 Survey Results .................................................................................................. 11
7.0 Regulations and Recommendations .......................................................... 14
7.1 Applicable Regulations ..................................................................................... 14
7.2 Management Considerations ........................................................................... 15
8.0 Certification and Project Staff ................................................................... 16
9.0 References Cited ............................................................................................ 16
FIGURES
1: Regional Location .......................................................................................................... 3 2: Project Location on USGS Map .................................................................................... 4 3: Project Location on Aerial Photograph ......................................................................... 5
PHOTOGRAPHS
1: Zero Ground Visibility on Fairways ............................................................................12 2: Areas Covered in Some Leaf Duff ................................................................................12 3: Area with Excellent Ground Visibility ........................................................................13 4: Typical Bedrock Outside the Fairways .......................................................................13
TABLE
1: Cultural Resources within One-Mile of Project Area ..................................................10
ATTACHMENT
1: Resumes of Key Personnel
CONFIDENTIAL ATTACHMENTS
1: Record Search Results 2: Department of Parks and Recreation Primary Site Forms
Cultural Resources Survey Report
The Farm in Poway Project iv
Acronyms
APE Area of Potential Effect CEQA California Environmental Quality Act CSDDPW County of San Diego Department of Public Works GPS global positioning system NAHC Native American Heritage Commission NRHP National Register of Historic Places SCIC South Coast Information Center USGS United States Geological Survey
Cultural Resources Survey Report
The Farm in Poway Project Page 1
1.0 Management Summary
This report summarizes the results of the cultural resources field and archival investigation of The Farm in Poway (project), at 17166 Stoneridge Country Club Lane in the city of Poway. The project is bounded on the south by Espola Road, on the west and north by Saint Andrews Drive, and on the east by Boca Raton Lane, Tam O' Shanter Drive, and Cloudcroft Drive. Total property acreage is 117.45 acres, all of which would be developed.
A record search was conducted of the archaeological databases maintained at the California Historical Resources Information System, South Coastal Information Center (SCIC) at San Diego State University. The files at SCIC have no prehistoric or historic archaeological sites recorded on the project property.
Two cultural resources were found during the current field survey. 8858-RDS-001 and 8858-RDS-002, that consist of bedrock milling features. As currently designed, sites 8858-RDS-001 and 8858-RDS-002 will be impacted by the project grading. If avoidance of the two cultural resources is not feasible, a testing program should be conducted at each to determine if the resources qualify under criterion 4 of the California Environmental Act (CEQA) criteria, and are likely to yield information important to the prehistory of San Diego. The testing program will be sufficient to determine significance of the sites under CEQA guidelines. If the sites are determined significant by the testing, additional mitigation in the form of a data recovery program will be required to reduce the impacts to the two sites to a less than significant level.
The project was constructed prior to the adoption of CEQA and there is no record of the project site being surveyed prior to construction. Some areas of the golf course, especially the fairways, may not have been extensively disturbed by original grading, and RECON feels there is the potential for subsurface archaeological deposits to be present on the project site. Because of this, RECON recommends a qualified archaeologist and Native American monitor representing the Kumeyaay community be present for all ground disturbing activities. If archaeological materials are identified during construction activities, work in the immediate area shall cease and an archaeologist meeting the Secretary of the Interior’s Professional Qualifications Standards for Archaeology (National Park Service 1983) must evaluate the find. If the discovery proves to be significant under CEQA, a data recovery program shall be implemented.
Cultural Resources Survey Report
The Farm in Poway Project Page 2
2.0 Introduction
The project proposes to construct housing for developmentally disabled individuals on a currently partially developed parcel in the northwestern portion of the city of Poway, California (Figure 1). The assessor’s parcel numbers are 273-110-1800, 273-110-0700, and 273-110-0800. The total property acreage is 117.45 acres, all of which will be developed. The project includes a mixed-use development consisting of 160 residential homes (single-family, twin, and cottage courts), agricultural farmlands, open space, community gardens, a swim and tennis club, a café, educational facilities, and other site amenities. The project site is in the eastern half of Section 24, and the north half of Section 25, Range 02 West, Township 13 South, and the west quarter of Section 19, Range 01 West, Township 13 South, of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 7.5-minute topographic map, Escondido, California quadrangle (Figure 2).
3.0 Physical and Cultural Setting
3.1 Physical Setting
The project is bounded on the south by Espola Road, on the west and north by Saint Andrews Drive, and on the east by Boca Raton Lane, Tam O' Shanter Drive, and Cloudcroft Drive (Figure 3). The project is bounded on all sides by residential development of varying density. Sycamore Creek is approximately 550 meters to the east and Lake Hodges is approximately 3.4 kilometers to the north-northwest. Interstate 15 is approximately 3.5 kilometers to the west (see Figures 1 and 2).
The parcel itself slopes gradually to the south and the majority has been graded into a series of large pads (see Figure 3). Currently, the majority of the property is developed; covered by asphalt and graveled parking areas and concrete slabs. An old house, most recently used as an office, sits just off Oak Knoll Road in the northwest corner of the property. Poway Creek runs through the southwest portion of the property, this is the only undeveloped area on the property.
Vegetation on the developed portion of the property consists of a mix of exotic trees, bushes, and ground cover. The Poway Creek drainage supports a riparian vegetation community comprised of both native species and large stands of exotic arundo.
FIGURE 1
Regional Location
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USMC AIR
STATION
MIRAMAR
USMC AIR
STATION
MIRAMAR
CAMP PENDLETON
MARINE CO BASE
Daley
Ranch
Los Penasquitos
Canyon Presv
Mission Trails
Regional Park
Cleveland NF
Lake
Wohlford
Sutherland
Lake
Batiquitos Lagoon
Lake Hodges
El Capitan
Reservoir
San Vicente
Reservoir
Loveland
Reservoir
S anDie g u i t o
Rive r
S a n L u i s
R ey R i v e r
SanD i e g u i t o
R iv e r
S anL u i s R e y RiverSan t a Y s a b e l
C r e e k
Swee t w a t e rRiver
E scon d idoC ree k
S a n D ie g o
R i v e rPauma and Yuima
Reservation
Mesa Grande
Reservation
San Pasqual
Reservation
Rincon
Reservation
Sycuan
Reservation
Capitan
Grande
Reservation
La Jolla Reservation
Santa Ysabel
Reservation
Barona
Reservation
Bonsall
Valley Center
Bostonia
Casa de
Oro-Mount
Helix
Crest
Fairbanks
Ranch
Granite Hills
Harbison
Canyon
Hidden
Meadows
Jamul
Lake
San Marcos
Lakeside
Ramona
Rancho
San Diego
Rancho
Santa Fe
San Diego
Country
Estates
Spring
Valley
Winter Gardens
UV163
UV76
UV78
UV54
UV56
UV125
UV67
UV94
UV52
§¨¦8
§¨¦805
§¨¦15
§¨¦5
S A N D I E G O
C O U N T Y
Carlsbad
Del Mar
El Cajon
Encinitas
Escondido
La Mesa
Lemon
Grove
Oceanside
Poway
San Diego
San Marcos
Santee
Solana
Beach
Vista
kj
USMC AIR
STATION
MIRAMAR
USMC AIR
STATION
MIRAMAR
CAMP PENDLETON
MARINE CO BASE
Daley
Ranch
Los Penasquitos
Canyon Presv
Mission Trails
Regional Park
Cleveland NF
Lake
Wohlford
Sutherland
Lake
Batiquitos Lagoon
Lake Hodges
El Capitan
Reservoir
San Vicente
Reservoir
Loveland
Reservoir
S anDie g u i t o
Rive r
S a n L u i s
R ey R i v e r
SanD i e g u i t o
R iv e r
S anL u i s R e y RiverSan t a Y s a b e l
C r e e k
Swee t w a t e rRiver
E scon d idoC ree k
S a n D ie g o
R i v e rPauma and Yuima
Reservation
Mesa Grande
Reservation
San Pasqual
Reservation
Rincon
Reservation
Sycuan
Reservation
Capitan
Grande
Reservation
La Jolla Reservation
Santa Ysabel
Reservation
Barona
Reservation
Bonsall
Valley Center
Bostonia
Casa de
Oro-Mount
Helix
Crest
Fairbanks
Ranch
Granite Hills
Harbison
Canyon
Hidden
Meadows
Jamul
Lake
San Marcos
Lakeside
Ramona
Rancho
San Diego
Rancho
Santa Fe
San Diego
Country
Estates
Spring
Valley
Winter Gardens
UV163
UV76
UV78
UV54
UV56
UV125
UV67
UV94
UV52
§¨¦8
§¨¦805
§¨¦15
§¨¦5
S A N D I E G O
C O U N T Y
Carlsbad
Del Mar
El Cajon
Encinitas
Escondido
La Mesa
Lemon
Grove
Oceanside
Poway
San Diego
San Marcos
Santee
Solana
Beach
Vista
0 5Miles [
M:\JOBS5\8858\common_gis\fig1.mxd 9/5/2017 sab
SAN DIEGO
RIVERSIDE
SAN BERNARDINO
ORANGE
MEXICO
Project Locationkj
FIGURE 2
Project Location on USGS Map
Map Source: USGS 7.5 minute topographic map series, ESCONDIDO quadrangle, 1996, T13S R01W - Sec 19 & T13S R02W Sec 24 & 25
0 2,000Feet [
Survey Area
M:\JOBS5\8858\common_gis\fig2.mxd 9/5/2017 sab
FIGURE 3
Project Location on Aerial PhotographTAWNYWAYPENINA
ST
B UT T E R F IE L D T R L
PORT MARNOCK DRLOMAS VERDES
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TAM O SHANTER DR
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MOUNT WAY OL
DWIN
ERYRD
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ESPOLA RD
MARTINCOIT RDVALLEVERDERDO L D WI
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DELPASODRCU VEECTTA M O
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A
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AI
NT
ANDR
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VILLAMOURA DR
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ANTELOPE STATIO N
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WIN
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BOCARATONLNORCHARD BEND RDCLIQUOTCTOVERLAND PASS
EDINA WAY W HITE ROCK STATION RD
C A LL E CO LINA
WHITE W O O D CANY O N
SAGEWOOD DR
CLOUDCROFT DR
STONERIDGECOUNTRYCLUBLNASH HOLLOW XING RD
SAINT ANDREWS DR
TAWNY W AY PENINA
ST
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R
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JOYAS CT
BOCARATONLNORCHARD BEND RDCLIQUOTCTOVERLAND PASS
EDINA WAY W HITE ROCK STATION RD
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SAGEWOOD DR
CLOUDCROFT DR
STONERIDGECOUNTRYCLUBLNASH HOLLOW XING RD
SAINT ANDREWS DR
M:\JOBS5\8858\common_gis\fig3_scic.mxd 9/21/2017 sab
0 450Feet [
Image source: Nearmap (flown June 2017)
Survey Area
Cultural Resources Survey Report
The Farm in Poway Project Page 6
3.2 Cultural Setting
3.2.1 Prehistoric Period
The prehistoric cultural sequence in San Diego County is generally conceived as comprising three basic periods: the Paleoindian, dated between about 11,500 and 8,500 years ago and manifested by the artifacts of the San Dieguito Complex; the Archaic, lasting from about 8,500 to 1,500 years ago (A.D. 500) and manifested by the cobble and core technology of the La Jollan Complex; and the Late Prehistoric, lasting from about 1,500 years ago to historic contact (i.e., A.D. 500 to 1769) and represented by the Cuyamaca Complex. This latest complex is marked by the appearance of ceramics, small arrow points, and cremation burial practices.
The Paleoindian Period in San Diego County is most closely associated with the San Dieguito Complex, as identified by Rogers (1938, 1939, 1945). The San Dieguito assemblage consists of well-made scraper planes, choppers, scraping tools, crescentics, elongated bifacial knives, and leaf-shaped points. The San Dieguito Complex is thought to represent an early emphasis on hunting (Warren et al. 1993:III-33).
The Archaic Period brings an apparent shift toward a more generalized economy and an increased emphasis on seed resources, small game, and shellfish. The local cultural manifestations of the Archaic Period are called the La Jollan Complex along the coast and the Pauma Complex inland. Pauma Complex sites lack the shell that dominates many La Jollan sites. Along with an economic focus on gathering plant resources, the settlement system appears to have been more sedentary. The La Jollan assemblage is dominated by rough cobble-based choppers and scrapers, and slab and basin metates. Large side-notched and Elko series projectile points appeared. Large deposits of marine shell at coastal sites argue for the importance of shellfish gathering to the coastal Archaic economy.
Near the coast and in the Peninsular Mountains beginning approximately 1,500 years ago, patterns began to emerge which suggest the ethnohistoric Kumeyaay. This period is characterized by higher population densities and elaborations in social, political, and technological systems. Economic systems diversify and intensify during this period, with the continued elaboration of trade networks, the use of shell-bead currency, and the appearance of more labor-intensive, but effective technological innovations. The late prehistoric archaeology of the San Diego coast and foothills is characterized by the Cuyamaca Complex. It is primarily known from the work of D. L. True at Cuyamaca Rancho State Park (True 1970). The Cuyamaca Complex is characterized by the presence of steatite arrowshaft straighteners, steatite pendants, steatite comales (heating stones), Tizon Brownware pottery, ceramic figurines reminiscent of Hohokam styles, ceramic “Yuman bow pipes,” ceramic rattles, miniature pottery various cobble-based tools (e.g., scrapers, choppers, hammerstones), bone awls, manos and metates, mortars and pestles, and Desert side-notched (more common) and Cottonwood Series projectile points.
Cultural Resources Survey Report
The Farm in Poway Project Page 7
3.2.2 Ethnohistory
The Kumeyaay (also known as Kamia, Ipai, Tipai, and Diegueño) occupied the southern two-thirds of San Diego County. The Kumeyaay lived in semi-sedentary, politically autonomous villages or rancherias. Settlement system typically consisted of two or more seasonal villages with temporary camps radiating away from these central places (Cline 1984a, 1984b). Their economic system consisted of hunting and gathering with a focus on small game, acorns, grass seeds, and other plant resources. The most basic social and economic unit was the patrilocal extended family. A wide range of tools were made of locally available and imported materials. A simple shoulder-height bow was used for hunting. Numerous other flaked stone tools were made including scrapers, choppers, flake-based cutting tools, and biface knives. Preferred stone types were locally available metavolcanics, cherts, and quartz. Obsidian was imported from the deserts to the north and east. Ground stone objects include mortars and pestles typically made of locally available, fine-grained granite. Both portable and bedrock types are known. The Kumeyaay made fine baskets. These employed either coiled or twined construction. The Kumeyaay also made pottery, using the paddle-and-anvil technique. Most were a plain brown utility ware called Tizon Brownware, but some were decorated (Meighan 1954; May 1976, 1978). Primary ethnographic sources on traditional Kumeyaay lifeways are provided in the ethnographic work of Cline (1984a, 1984b), Gifford (1918, 1931), Kroeber (1925), and Spier (1923).
3.2.3 Spanish, Mexican, and American Periods
The Spanish Period (1769–1821) represents a time of European exploration and settlement. Military and naval forces along with a religious contingent founded the San Diego Presidio, the pueblo of San Diego, and the San Diego Mission in 1769 (Rolle 1998). Native American culture in the coastal strip of California rapidly deteriorated despite repeated attempts to revolt against the Spanish invaders (Cook 1976). One of the hallmarks of the Spanish colonial scheme was the rancho system. In an attempt to encourage settlement and development of the colonies, large land grants were made to meritorious or well-connected individuals.
In 1821, Mexico declared its independence from Spain. During the Mexican Period (1822–1848), the mission system was secularized by the Mexican government and these lands allowed for the dramatic expansion of the rancho system. The southern California economy became increasingly based on cattle ranching.
The Mexican Period ended when Mexico signed the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo on February 2, 1848, concluding the Mexican–American War (1846–1848; Rolle 1998). The great influx of Americans and Europeans resulting from the California Gold Rush in 1848–49 eliminated many remaining vestiges of Native American culture.
Unless otherwise noted the following material on the history of Poway was accesses from the City of Poway website (City of Poway 2016). The first recorded Anglo-European settler in the Poway area was Philip Crosthwaite, who began ranching there in 1859. By 1870, the number of settlers in the Poway area had increased to the point that resident Castanos
Cultural Resources Survey Report
The Farm in Poway Project Page 8
Paine applied for and was granted the position of postmaster. Paine ran a ranch that also served as a way station for the stage running to and from San Diego. The population of the Poway area continued to grow through the 1880s, reaching approximately 800 by 1887. Farming was the main occupation, with numerous orchards and vineyards being established and grains being farmed. Dairy ranching and beekeeping were also common. The chance of a railroad line running through the Poway area led to some land speculation in the 1880s, but the line did not materialize and land speculation dried up. By 1900 there were still less than 1,000 people living in the Poway area and it remained basically rural through the early to mid-1950s. The first subdivision built in Poway in the late 1950s was a result of the post-World War II boom affecting much of San Diego County. In 1971 Lake Poway was constructed, establishing a more stable and permanent water supply for the growing population. Poway incorporated in 1980, establishing a Council/Manager form of government.
4.0 Area of Potential Effect
The Area of Potential Effect (APE) for the project is considered to include the 117.45 acres being impacted by project development.
5.0 Study Methods
A site record search was conducted through the California Historical Resources Information System, SCIC at San Diego State University (Confidential Attachment 1). A letter was sent to the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) in Sacramento on January 17, 2019, requesting a search of their Sacred Lands Files.
A survey of the project property was conducted on September 22, 2017 by RECON archaeologist Richard Shultz accompanied by Native American monitors Banning Taylor, Jr. and Alyssa Soto. The survey team inspected areas that line the fairways and greens for evidence of archaeological materials such as flaked and ground stone tools, ceramics, milling features, and human remains. A sub-meter global positioning system (GPS) unit provided the field team with sub-meter accuracy and real-time position correction and recording capability. Photographs were taken to document existing conditions on-site.
6.0 Survey Results
6.1 Record Search
A record search of the project area with a one-mile-radius buffer was conducted at the SCIC at San Diego State University on September 25, 2017 (Confidential Attachment 1). The search included a review of the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) for San Diego County, National Historic Landmarks, California Register of Historical Resources,
Cultural Resources Survey Report
The Farm in Poway Project Page 9
California Registered Historical Landmarks, California Points of Historical Interest, historic resources inventory files, archaeological inventory files, a bibliography of previous cultural resources investigations, and various historic maps.
No cultural resources are recorded within or immediately adjacent to the project. The SCIC identified one historic-era site, two historic structures, one multi-component site (both prehistoric and historic), forty-two prehistoric sites, and one prehistoric isolated artifact within a one-mile radius (Confidential Attachment 1). Table 1 lists those sites. The historic site consisted of masonry wall remnants. The historic structures were two utility poles. The prehistoric sites include bedrock milling features, bedrock milling features with artifacts, lithic scatters, ceramic scatters, ground stone, faunal remains (shellfish and bone), and pictographs.
The record search indicated that five previous investigations intersect with the proposed project area.
The 1968 Escondido 7.5-minute quadrangle illustrated sewage disposal ponds in the southern part of the project near the existing ponds. Additionally, the San Diego Aqueduct runs underground in a northwest–southeast direction through the center of the project area. The first pipeline was completed in 1947 and brings water to San Diego County from the Colorado River. Three additional pipelines were constructed between 1954 and 1973 (Crawford 2010). Air photographs available online show the project property in agriculture in 1946, 1947, and 1953 (Nationwide Environmental Title Research, LLC 2015). By 1964 the roads surrounding the project had been completed, but grading for the golf course had not begun, and subsequent photographs from the 1960s also showed the golf course undeveloped. The houses surrounding the golf course had not been constructed in the 1960s. A 1980 photograph shows the golf course, clubhouse, and surrounding houses in place. A 1989 photograph shows substantial alteration to the clubhouse. Subsequent photographs from the 1990s and 2000s show little change.
Cultural Resources Survey Report
The Farm in Poway Project Page 10
Table 1 Cultural Resources within One-Mile of Project Area
Primary # Trinomial # Site Type Period Date Recorded P-37-000007 CA-SDI-000007 Rock art: petroglyphs, pictographs Prehistoric 1957
P-37-000008 CA-SDI-000008 Rock art: pictographs, bedrock milling, ceramic scatter, ground stone Prehistoric 1957
P-37-000010 CA-SDI-000010 Bedrock milling, lithic scatter; wall remnants Multicomponent 1981 P-37-000160 CA-SDI-000160 Masonry wall remnants Historic 1957 P-37-000576 CA-SDI-000576 Bedrock milling, lithic scatter, ground stone Prehistoric n/a P-37-000578 CA-SDI-000578 Lithic scatter, ground stone Prehistoric n//a P-37-000581 CA-SDI-000581 Lithic scatter, ground stone Prehistoric n//a P-37-000582 CA-SDI-000582 Lithic scatter, ground stone Prehistoric n//a P-37-000590 CA-SDI-000590 Bedrock milling, lithic scatter, ground stone Prehistoric n/a P-37-000807 CA-SDI-000807 Lithic scatter Prehistoric 1960 P-37-000808 CA-SDI-000808 Bedrock milling, ceramic scatter Prehistoric 1960 P-37-004561 CA-SDI-004561 Bedrock milling, lithic scatter Prehistoric 1971
P-37-004565 CA-SDI-004565 Bedrock milling, lithic scatter, ceramic scatter, ground stone Prehistoric 1973
P-37-004566 CA-SDI-004566 Lithic scatter Prehistoric 1973 P-37-004567 CA-SDI-004567 Lithic scatter Prehistoric 1973 P-37-004568 CA-SDI-004568 Lithic scatter, ground stone Prehistoric 1973 P-37-004569 CA-SDI-004569 Lithic scatter, ground stone Prehistoric 1973
P-37-007858 CA-SDI-007858 Bedrock milling, lithic scatter, ceramic scatter, ground stone Prehistoric 1980
P-37-007859 CA-SDI-007859 Bedrock milling, lithic scatter, ground stone Prehistoric 1980 P-37-007860 CA-SDI-007860 Bedrock milling, ground stone Prehistoric 1980 P-37-007862 CA-SDI-007862 Lithic scatter Prehistoric 1980 P-37-008745 CA-SDI-008745 Ceramic scatter, lithic scatter Prehistoric 1981 P-37-008746 CA-SDI-008746 Bedrock milling Prehistoric 1981 P-37-011153 CA-SDI-011153 Bedrock milling Prehistoric 1989 P-37-011154 CA-SDI-011154 Lithic scatter Prehistoric 1989 P-37-011155 CA-SDI-011155 Lithic scatter, ground stone Prehistoric 1989 P-37-011516 CA-SDI-011516 Lithic scatter, ground stone Prehistoric 1989 P-37-011517 CA-SDI-011517 Bedrock milling Prehistoric 1989 P-37-011520 CA-SDI-011520 Lithic scatter, ground stone Prehistoric 1989
P-37-011521 CA-SDI-011521 Bedrock milling, lithic scatter, ceramic scatter, ground stone, faunal remains Prehistoric 1989
P-37-011522 CA-SDI-011522 Bedrock milling, rock features, lithic scatter, faunal remains Prehistoric 1989
P-37-011523 CA-SDI-011523 Bedrock milling, lithic scatter, ceramic scatter, ground stone, faunal remains Prehistoric 1989
P-37-011524 CA-SDI-011524 Bedrcok milling Prehistoric 1989
P-37-011529 CA-SDI-011529 Bedrock milling, rock features, lithic scatter, faunal remains Prehistoric 1989
P-37-011532 CA-SDI-011532 Bedrock milling Prehistoric 1989 P-37-014683 CA-SDI-014286 Bedrock milling, lithic scatter, ground stone Prehistoric 1996 P-37-014746 Isolate: flake Prehistoric 1979 P-37-016197 CA-SDI-014736 Bedrock milling, lithic scatter, ceramic scatter Prehistoric 1998 P-37-017105 CA-SDI-015119 Bedrock milling Prehistoric 2008 P-37-018384 CA-SDI-015587 Bedrock milling Prehistoric 1999
P-37-019020 CA-SDI-013714 Possible hearths, lithic scatter, ceramic scatter, ground stone Prehistoric 1994
P-37-019022 CA-SDI-013716 Bedrock milling Prehistoric 1994
P-37-024332 CA-SDI-016141 Bedrock milling, lithic scatter, ceramic scatter, ground stone, faunal remains Prehistoric 2017
P-37-024333 CA-SDI-016142 Lithic scatter, ceramic scatter, ground stone, faunal remains Prehistoric 2001
P-37-026992 CA-SDI-017671 Bedrock milling Prehistoric 2005 P-37-030247 Utility pole Historic 2008 P-37-030290 Utility pole Historic 2008
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A letter was sent to the NAHC in Sacramento on January 17, 2019, requesting a search of their Sacred Lands Files. A reply was received form the NAHC on January 22, 2019. The reply stated that a search of the Sacred Lands Files produced negative results. Contact letters were sent out to all groups and individuals on the NAHC contact list on February 19, 2019. An e-mail response was received on February 20, 2019 from Mr. Clint Linton representing the Ipay Nation of Santa Ysabel. Mr. Linton requested additional information regarding the project. Mr. Linton was called by RECON archaeologist Harry Price on February 20, 2019, and the two discussed the project. Mr. Linton’s e-mail was forwarded to the City of Poway. Another reply from the contact list was received on February 21, 2019 from Ralph Goff of the Campo Band of Mission Indians. Mr. Goff requested a copy of the survey report and requested that a qualified Kumeyaay monitor be present for all future surveys and ground disturbing activities. The Campo reply was forwarded to the City of Poway on February 26, 2019.
6.2 Survey Results
The field survey of the project property was conducted on September 22, 2017 by RECON archaeologist Richard Shultz accompanied by Native American monitors Banning Taylor, Jr. and Alyssa Soto. The survey was conducted to identify previously unrecorded cultural resources and assess the potential for the project to affect any potentially significant cultural resources found on the project.
The majority of the project area had zero ground visibility due to the dense grass on the fairways and greens (Photograph 1). The areas outside the fairways and greens varied in visibility. Some areas were covered in leaf duff with 10 percent visibility (Photograph 2) and other areas had excellent visibility (Photograph 3). The survey team focused on the bedrock lining the fairways and greens (Photograph 4). The entire project area has been disturbed by the construction of the golf course and associated clubhouse, ancillary buildings, tennis courts, and roads. The areas outside the fairways and greens may have limited disturbance.
Two cultural resources were identified during the current field survey (Confidential Attachment 2). Resource 8858-RDS-001 consists of a bedrock milling feature. A single amorphous slick is located on a prominent vertical boulder between the ninth hole tee and eighth hole green, and surrounded by palm and eucalyptus trees. The slick measures approximately 100 by 60 centimeters. The second resource, 8858-RDS-002, consists of two bedrock milling features. Bedrock milling feature 1 contains one slick, measuring approximately 20 x 30 centimeters. It is located on a low triangular boulder surrounded by in situ outcrops and a push-pile of boulders, approximately 60 meters south of 8858-RDS-001 and 70 meters south of the eighth hole green. Bedrock milling feature 2 contains a basin/slick on a low embedded boulder, approximately 2 meters south of the above slick. The basin/slick measures approximately 30 x 40 centimeters. Both features are located west of Stoneridge Country Club Lane and surrounded by palm trees. No surface artifacts were noted at either resource location. The level of disturbance was difficult to determine; however, the bedrock milling features appear to be at their original elevations implying
P:\8858\Arc\Photos 09/27/17
PHOTOGRAPH 1 Zero Ground Visibility on Fairways
PHOTOGRAPH 2 Areas Covered in Some Leaf Duff
P:\8858\Arc\Photos 09/27/17
PHOTOGRAPH 3 Area with Excellent Ground Visibility
PHOTOGRAPH 4 Typical Bedrock Outside the Fairways
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minimal disturbances surrounding these features. California Department of Parks and Recreation Primary site forms were filled out for the two milling features and will be submitted to the SCIC. They are included as Confidential Attachment 2.
7.0 Regulations and Recommendations
7.1 Applicable Regulations
According to CEQA, a significant impact is a project effect that may cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource. Adverse changes include physical demolition, destruction, relocation, or alteration of the resource or its immediate surroundings resulting in the impairment of the resource’s significance (Section 15064.5.4b of the CEQA Guidelines). Mitigation measures are required for adverse effects on significant historical resources (Section 21083.2 CEQA Code).
State criteria are those listed in CEQA and used to determine whether a historic resource qualifies for the California Register of Historic Resources. CEQA also recognizes resources listed in a local historic register or deemed significant in a historical resource survey. Some resources that do not meet these criteria may still be historically significant for the purposes of CEQA.
A resource may be listed in the California Register of Historic Resources if it is significant at the federal, state, or local level under one of more of the four criteria listed below.
1. Are associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of local or regional history and cultural heritage of California or the United States.
2. Are associated with the lives of persons important to the nation or to California’s past.
3. Embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, region, or method of construction, or represents the work of an important creative individual, or possesses high artistic values.
4. Has yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history of the state or nation.
In addition to meeting one of the above criteria, a resource must have integrity. This means that the resource must evoke the resource’s period of significance or, in the case of criterion 4, it may be disturbed, but it must retain enough intact and undisturbed deposits to make a meaningful data contribution to regional research issues (California Code of Regulations Title 14, Chapter 11.5 Section 4852 [c]).
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Unless demonstrated otherwise, archaeological sites with only a surface component are not typically considered significant resources. The determination of an archaeological site’s significance depends on a number of factors specific to that site including size, type, integrity, presence or absence of a subsurface deposit, soil stratigraphy, features, diagnostic artifacts, or datable material; artifact/ecofact density; assemblage complexity; cultural affiliation; association with an important person or event; and ethnic importance.
Since resources that are not listed or determined eligible for the state or local registers may still be historically significant, their significance must be determined if they are affected by a project.
According to CEQA, a significant impact is a project effect that may cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource. Adverse changes include physical demolition, destruction, relocation, or alteration of the resource or its immediate surroundings resulting in the impairment of the resource’s significance (Section 15064.5.4b, CEQA Guidelines). Mitigation measures are required for adverse effects on significant historical resources (Section 21083.2 CEQA Code).
7.2 Management Considerations
As currently designed, sites 8858-RDS-001 and 8858-RDS-002 will be impacted by the project grading. If avoidance of the two cultural resources is not feasible, a testing program should be conducted at each to determine if the resources qualify under criterion 4 of the CEQA criteria, and are likely to yield information important to the prehistory of San Diego. Phase 1 of the testing program would consist of excavation of three to four shovel test pits measuring 30 x 50 centimeters to determine the presence or absence of subsurface cultural material. Phase 2 would consist of excavation of two 1-x-1-meter units at each site and six to ten shovel test pits. The testing program will be sufficient to determine the horizontal extent of the surface component of the site. Site age and artifact density can also be determined during testing. If the sites are determined significant by the testing, additional mitigation in the form of a data recovery program will be required to reduce the impacts to the two sites to a less than significant level.
The project was constructed prior to the adoption of CEQA and there is no record of the project site being surveyed prior to construction. Some areas of the golf course, especially the fairways, may not have been extensively disturbed by grading, and RECON feels there is the potential for subsurface archaeological deposits to be present on the project site. Because of this RECON recommends a qualified archaeologist and Native American monitor be present for all ground disturbing activities. If archaeological materials are identified during construction activities, work in the immediate area shall cease and an archaeologist meeting the Secretary of the Interior’s Professional Qualifications Standards for Archaeology (National Park Service 1983) must evaluate the find. If the discovery proves to be significant under CEQA, a data recovery program shall be implemented.
According to State Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5, in the event that human remains (or remains that may be human) are discovered at the project site during grading
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or earthmoving, the construction contractors shall immediately stop all activities in the immediate area of the find. The project proponent shall then inform the San Diego County Coroner and the City of Poway Development Services Division and the coroner shall examine the remains. If the coroner determines that the remains are of Native American origin, the coroner would notify the NAHC and the Commission would identify the Most Likely Descendent.
8.0 Certification and Project Staff
This report was prepared in compliance with the CEQA (Section 21083.2 of the Statutes and Appendix K of the Guidelines) and with policies and procedures of the City of Poway. To the best of our knowledge, the statements and information contained in this report are accurate.
_____________________________________________
Harry J. Price, Project Archaeologist
Resumes for key personnel are included in Attachment 1. The following individuals participated in the field tasks or preparation of this report.
Harry Price Project Archaeologist/co-author Richard Shultz Project Archaeologist/co-author Frank McDermott GIS Coordinator Stacey Higgins Senior Production Specialist
9.0 References Cited
Cline, Lora L. 1984a Just Before Dawn. L. C. Enterprises, Tombstone, Arizona. 1984b Just Before Sunset. J and L Enterprises, Jacumba, California. Cook, Sherburne F. 1976 The Population of California Indians, 1769-1970. Berkeley: University of California Press. Crawford, Richard 2010 The San Diego Aqueduct. San Diego Union-Tribune, August 7. Accessed at http://www.sandiegoyesterday.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/San-Diego-Aqueduct.pdf on September 26, 2017.
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Gifford, Edward W. 1918 Clans and Moieties in Southern California. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 14(2):155 219. Berkeley. 1931 The Kamia of Imperial Valley. Bulletin of the Bureau of American Ethnology 97:1 94. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Kroeber, A. L. 1925 Handbook of the Indians of California. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 78. Washington, D.C. May, Ronald V. 1976 An Early Ceramic Date Threshold in Southern California. Masterkey 50(3):103-107. 1978 A Southern California Indigenous Ceramic Typology: A Contribution to Malcolm J. Rogers Research. ASA Journal 2:2. Meighan, Clement W. 1954 A Late Complex in Southern California Prehistory. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 10:215-227. National Park Service 1983 Secretary of the Interior’s Professional Qualifications Standards for Archaeology. Nationwide Environmental Title Research, LLC 2015 Historic Aerials. http://www.historicaerials.com/. Accessed on February 19, 2019. Poway, City of 2016 Poway History. Available at http://poway.org/156/Poway-History Rogers, Malcolm J. 1938 Archaeological and Geological Investigations of the Culture Levels in an Old Channel of San Dieguito Valley. Carnegie Institution of Washington Yearbook 37:344-45. 1939 Early Lithic Industries of the Lower Basin of the Colorado River and Adjacent Desert Areas. San Diego Museum of Man Papers 3. 1945 An Outline of Yuman Prehistory. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 1(2):167-198. Albuquerque. Rolle, Andrew 1998 California: A History. Harlan Davidson, Inc. Wheeling, Illinois.
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Spier, Leslie 1923 Southern Diegueño Customs. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 20(16):295-358. Berkeley. True, Delbert L. 1970 Investigation of a Late Prehistoric Complex in Cuyamaca Rancho State Park, San Diego County, California. Department of Anthropology Publications, University of California, Los Angeles. Warren, Claude N., Gretchen Siegler, and Frank Dittmer 1993 Paleoindian and Early Archaic Periods. In Historic Properties Background Study for the City of San Diego Clean Waste Program. On file with Mooney and Associates.
Cultural Resources Survey Report
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ATTACHMENT 1
Resumes of Key Personnel
Harry Price
Archaeologist/Architectural Historian
Experience Highlights
Field surveying, excavation, and monitoring
Experience evaluating properties for the National Register of Historic Places
Experience 42 years
Education/Registrations B.A. Anthropology, San Diego State University
Certifications/Permits City of San Diego Qualified Archaeological Principal Investigator
County of San Diego Approved CEQA Consultants List; Archaeology and Historic Resources
Orange County Certified Consultants List Archaeologists
County of Riverside Cultural Resources Consultants List
California BLM Cultural Resource Use Permit CA-16-05
Arizona BLM Cultural Resource Use Permit AZ-000590
Mr. Price is an experienced archaeologist in the areas of excavation, site mapping, soil profiling, column sampling, surface collection, and field reconnaissance. He serves as principal investigator for cultural resources projects in the City of San Diego and County of San Diego. He also serves as field crew supervisor, conducts field surveys, provides illustration of artifacts, and prepares maps of archaeological sites. Mr. Price's responsibilities include organizing personnel and equipment for work in the field, preparing daily field notes on progress and results, determining site sampling strategy (i.e., shovel tests, 1x1-meter units, trenching), placement of sample units, and site mapping.
Mr. Price's experience also includes Historic American Building Survey and Historic American Engineering Record documentation for historic structures. He has performed historic building evaluations and archival research for many historic structures in the San Diego area and is knowledgeable of the California Register of Historical Resources and National Register of Historic Places eligibility requirements.
Mr. Price is on the County of San Diego's Qualified Consultants List for the fields of Historic Resources and Archaeology, and is a City of San Diego qualified Archaeological Principal Investigator.
Avion Property, San Diego, CA
Mr. Price was the principal investigator for this 41-acre project, located on the north slope of Black Mountain in the community of Peñasquitos. The cultural resources survey identified a total of seven cultural resources, including two prehistoric sites, a historic farmstead, and a historic structure and associated road. Mr. Price developed the testing program for those sites that would be impacted by the proposed development.
El Capitan Dam Spillway Vegetation Removal Project, San Diego, CA
Mr. Price was a member of the archaeological team that surveyed this 75-acre project area. A total of 13 new cultural resources were recorded, including both historic and prehistoric sites. Mr. Price also assisted in writing portions of the cultural resources technical report. RECON
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Arizona State Museum, Antiquities Act Blanket Permit 2016-053bl
Training National Preservation Workshop on Identification and Evaluation of Mid-20th Century Buildings
Riverside County Cultural Sensitivity Training Course, Register No. 241
recommended protective fencing and monitoring of vegetation removal activities near three cultural resources to mitigate any impacts to the resources.
City Hall/Town Hall Historic Resources, Del Mar, CA
Mr. Price was called to assess the potential for subsurface prehistoric or historic material to be present on the Del Mar City Hall/Town Hall project after major construction grading had been performed. Based on the record search, pre-project condition of the site, site visit after grading, and inspection of a sample of soils transported off-site and remaining disturbed soils on-site, he determined the soils contained a low potential for containing prehistoric cultural materials.
Summit Senior Living Project, Carlsbad, CA
Mr. Price served as project archaeologist for the Summit Senior Living facility located on El Camino Real in Carlsbad. The project proposes 86 assisted living and 12 memory support units and parking within a three-story space on the current site of the Madonna Hill Guest Home. The surveys were undertaken in accordance with the requirements of the City of Carlsbad Planning Department to identify potential impacts to biological and cultural resources under the CEQA and City of Carlsbad guidelines.
Banyan Mixed-Use, San Diego, CA
Mr. Price was the Principal Investigator for, and conducted the cultural resources survey of the proposed Aero Drive Multi-family Project property located in Kearny Mesa. The survey identified the KELCO Laboratory Building as a potentially significant historical resource requiring additional evaluation.
Ballantyne Street Affordable Housing Project, El Cajon, CA
Mr. Price conducted a cultural resources survey of the property at 585 Ballantyne Street in the City of El Cajon. Mr. Price also conducted the State Historic Preservation Office consultation for the project as part of the Environmental Assessment required due to Housing and Urban Development funding for the project.
Escondido Innovation Center, Escondido, CA
Mr. Price conducted a cultural resources survey for the Escondido Innovation Center Project, which proposed three light industrial buildings and associated parking on a 5.76-acre parcel. The survey identified two bedrock milling features within the proposed project footprint. Mr. Price developed and implemented a testing program to determine
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the milling features' significance under CEQA and City of Escondido guidelines. The project also required coordination of Native American representatives from both the Luiseno and Kumeyaay communities.
Villa de Vida Residential Project, Poway, CA
Mr. Price completed a field and archival investigation of the 3.18-acre Villa de Vida Residential Project site in the City of Poway.
Sheriff Emergency Vehicle Operations Center, San Diego County, CA
Mr. Price participated as field crew during cultural resources constraints study for the in support of the development of the County Sheriff's Emergency Vehicle Operation Center.
Escondido Victory Industrial Park, Escondido, CA
Mr. Price completed a field and archival investigation of this 4.87-acre-parcel adjacent to Escondido Creek in southwestern Escondido. The property had been the site of a farmstead previously determined to not be a significant historical resource. Archaeological monitoring was recommended due to the project's proximity to a significant Late Prehistoric site. The project also required coordination of Native American representatives from both the Luiseno and Kumeyaay communities.
North Coastal Regional Center, Health and Human Services Agency, Oceanside, CA
Mr. Price conducted a historic evaluation of two existing buildings that comprise the County of San Diego's Health and Human Services Agency North Coastal Regional Center, in the City of Oceanside. Research conducted at the Oceanside Historical Society and on-line newspaper archives identified Robert A. Bradt as architect of one of the two buildings. The evaluation concluded that the two buildings, constructed between 1957 and 1960, were not eligible for inclusion on the California Register of Historical Resources.
Archaeological Evaluation for the Cottonwood Development Plan, Joshua Tree National Park, CA
RECON was under contract with the National Park Service for the identification, documentation, and evaluation of historic properties pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act at the Cottonwood campground area in Joshua Tree National Park. Mr. Price took part in the archaeological investigations including a systematic survey of the 176 acre area of potential effect (APE) and
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archaeological testing to determine integrity and data potential of two archaeological sites potentially affected by the Development Plan design alternatives.
Del Mar City Hall/Town Hall Project, Del Mar, CA
The survey and evaluation were conducted by Mr. Price to determine the significance of two existing City Hall buildings that are over 50 years old that were to be demolished by the proposed Del Mar City Hall/Town Hall Project on the existing City administration property. The evaluation included a review of archival files at the Del Mar Historical Society, San Diego Historical Society, County of San Diego, and an on-foot reconnaissance of the parcel. The evaluation determined that neither building qualified for listing on the California Register of Historic Resources under any of the four criteria. In addition, neither building qualified as historically significant under City of Del Mar Municipal guidelines.
Westin Hotel and Timeshare Project, Carlsbad, CA
Mr. Price conducted a peer review of the Cultural Resources Survey Evaluation Program for the Westin Hotel and Timeshare Project to determine the adequacy of the cultural resources survey information and compliance with CEQA.
Chapman Solar Ranch Project, San Diego County, CA
Mr. Price conducted a cultural resources survey for the proposed Chapman Ranch Solar Project in Boulevard, San Diego County. The survey included the entire 132.94-acre Chapman Ranch parcel. A total of 17 previously unrecorded prehistoric and historic sites and 6 prehistoric isolates were found during the survey. As part of the survey process, Mr. Price coordinated with the Campo Reservation to provide local Native American monitors for the survey, and implemented mitigation for the sites within the proposed project footprint to reduce project impacts to below a level of significance.
Vidler Estates, San Marcos, CA
Mr. Price conducted a review of the cultural resources inventory report for the proposed residential development encompassing 4.86 acres.
South Magnolia Avenue Subdivision, El Cajon, CA
Mr. Price conducted a cultural resources survey for the South Magnolia Subdivision property in the City of El Cajon, California. The survey program included a record search at the South Coastal Information Center at San Diego State University and an on-foot survey of the
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property. His survey identified a previously unrecorded prehistoric site on the property. Since avoidance of the site is not feasible, Mr. Price recommended implementation of a testing program for the identified site subject to CEQA standards.
372 Fourth Avenue Project, San Diego, CA
This report written by Mr. Price evaluated the potential for subsurface archaeological deposits to be present on the 372 Fourth Avenue Project parcel. Research included a review of the results of a records search at the California Historical Resources Information System South Coastal Information Center, a review of the 1876 Bird's Eye View drawing of San Diego, applicable Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps, and a review of the files at the San Diego Historical Society. This research was used to determine what buildings occupied the project site prior to the construction of the current warehouse building.
The report determined that the potential exists for subsurface historic archaeological deposits such as building foundations and trash deposits, to be present.
Dorothy Street Residence Project, Chula Vista, CA
Mr. Price prepared a technical analysis report for the City of Chula Vista to determine the impacts of a proposed multi-family development on a historic private residence at 753 Dorothy Street in the City of Chula Vista. The Spanish Colonial Revival Style residence had been recommended as being eligible for inclusion on the list of Chula Vista's Register of Historical Resources and the California Register of Historical Resources. The technical analysis included background information on the development of the parcel and house and a discussion of the integrity of the house. The report also evaluated the impacts on the integrity of the house from a proposed relocation of the house to either of two proposed sites on the parcel. Mr. Price determined relocation of the house to the preferred site would not significantly impact the integrity of the house and it would remain eligible for listing on both the Chula Vista and California registers. This determination was accepted by the City of Chula Vista.
Escondido Disposal Incorporated Master Plan, Escondido CA
Mr. Price completed the historic building evaluation of the Golfcraft office/manufacturing plant building as part of the environmental review of a proposed expansion/ modernization of the EDCO facility in the City of Escondido. The evaluation included a review of archival
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files at the City of Escondido, Escondido Historical Society, San Diego Historical Society, County of San Diego, an on-foot reconnaissance of the parcel and evaluation of the building eligibility under CEQA and City of Escondido eligibility criteria. The report determined that the building was eligible for both the California Register of Historical Resources and the Escondido historic register.
Atmosphere Project in Downtown San Diego, CA
Mr. Price completed historic resource research reports for two pre-1960 buildings at 1434 and 1492 Fifth Avenue in downtown San Diego to determine their eligibility for listing on the California Register of Historical Resources and the San Diego Register of Historical Resources. These reports included architectural descriptions of the building, research results, photographs, and discussions and determinations of significance.
El Granito Rancho Adobe Historic Building Survey, El Cajon, CA
Mr. Price developed and directed the efforts to research and record an adobe house, wood-frame house, and barn prior to their demolition. Research included accessing primary material from various sources. Recordation included photo documentation of all buildings, exterior drawings of the wood-frame house, and exterior and interior drawings of the adobe. Research determined the adobe was constructed in 1941 by James Streeter.
Alpha Square Project in Downtown San Diego, CA
Mr. Price completed historic resource research reports for two pre-1950 buildings at Market Street and 14th Avenue in downtown San Diego. These reports included architectural descriptions of the building, photographs, and historic research, and were used to determine the building's eligibility for listing on the San Diego City Register of Historic Resources.
ARE Spectrum Redevelopment, San Diego, CA
Mr. Price was the Principal Investigator for this project, which began with a survey of the 7.1-acre project site. Responsibilities included conducting the record search, directing the field effort, coordinating the Native American monitor, and writing the technical report with recommendations for a complex of concrete foundations identified during the survey.
The Camelot Project, San Diego, CA
Mr. Price was the field director and co-author of the survey of this 67-acre property in the Rancho Peñasquitos area.
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Responsibilities included conducting the record search, directing the field effort, coordination with the Native American monitor, and writing the technical report with mitigation recommendations for the prehistoric isolates found during the fieldwork.
The Elms and The Ivy Property, San Diego, CA
Mr. Price was the Principal Investigator for this project, which began with a survey of the 33.7-acre site. The survey identified a large prehistoric site on the property. Mr. Price developed the research design, implemented the testing program, which consisted of surface scrapes and subsurface trenches, and wrote the report of findings and determination of significance.
Kaiser Sea Breeze Carmel View Project, San Diego, CA
Mr. Price was Principal Investigator for the monitoring program and co-author of the monitoring/mitigation report. Responsibilities included coordination of field personnel and Native American monitors with construction schedule and writing/implementation of a testing program to evaluate two small historic-period archaeological deposits found during the monitoring program. Mr. Price co-authored the mitigation report, which determined both features were not significant historical resources under any of the four CEQA criteria or City of San Diego criteria.
Allied Imperial Landfill Expansion, Imperial County, CA
Mr. Price was project archaeologist for the monitoring program for the landfill expansion. Responsibilities included conducting the record search, directing the field effort, coordination with the Native American representative, and writing the monitoring findings report.
Crystal View Terrace/Green Orchard Place/Overlook Parkway, Riverside, CA
Mr. Price was the project archaeologist in charge of the cultural resources survey of the three project areas, during which two bedrock milling features, a house foundation, and historic standpipes were recorded. The Crystal View Terrace/Green Orchard Place/Overlook Parkway project involves the local roadway system in the eastern portion of the City of Riverside, southeast of Interstate 91.
Balboa Park Plaza de Panama, San Diego, CA
Mr. Price conducted the archaeological survey for this 53.4-acre project site. Responsibilities included conducting the record search, directing the field effort, coordination with the Native American monitor, and writing the technical
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report with mitigation recommendations. The field survey found two previously unrecorded shell scatters within the project boundary. Mr. Price wrote and directed the testing program for the two shell scatters and a previously recorded subsurface historic trash deposit, all of which were determined not to be significant historical resources.
The Glen at Scripps Ranch, San Diego, CA
Mr. Price was the field director and co-author of the survey of this 53.4-acre property. Responsibilities included conducting the record search, directing the field effort, coordination with the Native American monitor, and writing the technical report with mitigation recommendations.
Coyne Ranch Project, Imperial County, CA
Mr. Price was the project archaeologist and field director for the survey of this 129.45-acre property. Responsibilities included conducting the record search, directing the field effort, and writing the technical report with mitigation recommendations.
Alliance Regional Center, Imperial County, CA
Mr. Price was the project archaeologist for the cultural resource survey for the 25-acre project in Imperial County. The project included consultation with the State Historic Preservation Officer for a determination of no adverse effect to historical resources.
Fallbrook Community Airpark, San Diego County, CA
Mr. Price conducted the pedestrian survey of the 33-acre Fallbrook airport for the County of San Diego. The survey was for proposed improvements recommended for addressing operational safety and efficiency in the context of future airport demands. Mr. Price also co-authored the survey report.
Imperial Solar Energy Center (CSOLAR) South and West Projects, Imperial County, CA
Mr. Price participated in the cultural resource survey for two utility-scale solar energy projects in western Imperial County. The two project sites consist of a photovoltaic solar field and associated transmission lines and cover over 2,000 acres of both private lands and BLM lands in Imperial County.
Mount Laguna Air Force Station, San Diego County, CA
Mr. Price co-authored a National Register of Historic Places eligibility evaluation of the Mount Laguna Air Force
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Station (MLAFS) located in the Cleveland National Forest. The evaluation for potential eligibility for inclusion on the National Register involved a building-by-building inspection of the remaining 23 buildings and the development of a historic context of MLAFS to use in the evaluation process. In addition, a cultural resources survey of the 140 acres of MLAFS was also conducted.
Restaurant Depot, San Diego, CA
Mr. Price was field director of the monitoring/data recovery program and co-author of the mitigation monitoring report. Monitoring for the proposed 70,000-square-foot wholesale warehouse building revealed the presence of a historic-period archaeological site consisting of six features, two of which were associated with early twentieth century tuna cannery workers housing. The report was awarded the Certificate of Merit for Outstanding Technical Report from the AEP San Diego Chapter and City of San Diego Historical Resources Board Award of Excellence for Archaeology.
Ocotillo Airstrip Extension, Imperial County, CA
Mr. Price was the project archaeologist for this job, which consisted of extending the existing Ocotillo Airstrip, located in the western portion of Imperial County, approximately one mile northwest of the community of Ocotillo. The proposed extension is approximately 2,203 feet long and an area of approximately 45 acres was surveyed for cultural resources.
Clinicas de Salud del Pueblo Expansion Project, Imperial County, CA
Mr. Price co-authored a National Register of Historic Places eligibility evaluation of a building constructed between 1928 and 1937. The building was part of a proposed project in the City of Brawley and involved renovation and expansion of the existing Clinic complex. The evaluation determined the historic building at 945 G Street, qualified for listing on the National Register of Historic Places under Criterion C, at the local level of significance. Because the project could not be redesigned, a program of mitigation to reduce impacts to the historic building was developed in conjunction with the State Historic Preservation Office, including a HABS Level III recordation of the building and installation of an interpretive plaque in the new Clinicas reception area.
Jacumba Airport Project, San Diego, CA
Mr. Price participated in the survey of a 12-acre lot proposed for a new building and the perimeter of the
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airport in order to determine the impacts of the installation of a security fence. The purpose was to give guidance in project design and citing of projects at the airport. Two previously recorded sites and two newly recorded sites were identified. A footprint location for the new building to avoid impacts to the cultural resources and construction monitoring for the building and the fence installation were recommended.
Alvarado Apartments IS/MND, San Diego, CA
Mr. Price conducted the cultural resource survey of a 9.9-acre developed property for redevelopment of apartment complex. Project duties included record search, survey, Native American coordination, and report of negative findings.
Hauser Mountain Fuels Project, San Diego County, CA
Mr. Price participated in a Class III cultural resources survey for the Hauser Mountain Fuels Project on 310 acres in eastern San Diego County. The project was for a plan to reduce fire hazards by clearing, grazing, and prescribed fires. Mr. Price also co-authored the survey results report.
RiverBend, San Diego, CA
Mr. Price completed a historical resource technical report investigation as part of this project in the City of San Diego. The report evaluated four buildings on the property that appeared to be more than 45 years old for eligibility for listing on the California Register of Historical Resources and the San Diego Register of Historical Resources. Research using various sources and architectural descriptions and photographs of the four structures were completed.
Borrego Valley Airport Improvement Sites, San Diego, CA
For this County of San Diego project, Mr. Price served as project archaeologist responsible for conducting a pedestrian survey on an approximately 18-acre parcel located immediately west of the Borrego Valley Airport and five airport improvement locations within the airport. Mr. Price also conducted the construction monitoring, and wrote the monitoring report.
Data Recovery Excavations, Carlsbad, CA
Mr. Price was the field director and co-author of the data recovery efforts on two small Late Prehistoric sites above San Marcos Creek (CA-SDI-11569 and CA-SDI-11570). Responsibilities included developing the data recovery research design, directing the field crew, overseeing
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cataloging and analysis in the lab, and co-authoring the report presenting findings and recommendations.
Arizona National Guard's Buckeye Military Reservation, Maricopa County, AZ
Mr. Price participated in the National Register qualification evaluation of four previously recorded archaeological sites in support of a proposed increase of training on the Buckeye Military Reservation, a parcel encompassing some 1,481 acres located north of Buckeye, Maricopa County, Arizona.
South Orange Avenue, Escondido, CA
Mr. Price was the project architectural historian for this redevelopment project in Escondido. He was responsible for background research, on-site current conditions survey, and buildings evaluation report with mitigation recommenda-tions for these four buildings (three residences and an outbuilding) built between 1930 and 1960. The evaluation included archival, aerial photography, and architectural research following CEQA and City of Escondido Guidelines.
La Cresta, San Diego, CA
Mr. Price participated in the survey, testing and recordation for this project. Testing of the site consisted of ten shovel test pits and eight soil profiles. The purpose of the shovel test pits was to identify the presence or absence of cultural material and thus determine if any cultural resources had been disturbed during the flood control activities conducted by the County of San Diego Department of Public Works.
Selected Bureau of Land Management Road Closures in the Yuha Desert and East Mesa, Imperial County, CA
Mr. Price served as project archaeologist responsible for conducting pedestrian surveys on 228 acres on road segments slated for closure and revegetation by the Bureau of Land Management in western Imperial Valley. Mr. Price authored the report of findings and recommendations dealing with the numerous prehistoric sites identified during the surveys.
Navy SERE Remote Training Site, Warner Springs, CA
Mr. Price participated in a Class II sample survey for the proposed expansion of the U.S. Navy Remote Training Site, Warner Springs. The survey covered approximately 6,400 acres of the total 12,544-acre project area. This property is owned and/or managed by the Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Forest
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Service, and Vista Irrigation District, requiring effective coordination and communication among all parties. He compiled the Department of Parks and Recreation forms for 125 cultural resources identified during the survey.
Needles/Topock Bank Stabilization Project, Havasu National Wildlife Refuge, Mohave County, AZ
Mr. Price participated in the survey of approximately 75 acres in the Havasu National Wildlife Refuge as part of a bank stabilization project to control erosion on the east bank of the Colorado River. The goal of the survey was to identify, record, and inventory any cultural resources within the project footprint.
Otay Mesa Community Plan Update, San Diego, CA
Mr. Price co-authored the cultural resources report for the 9,319-acre Otay Mesa Community Plan Update (CPU), which evaluated the potential effect of the adoption of the proposed update on prehistoric and historic cultural resources within the plan area. Mr. Price helped develop a mitigation framework which provides steps and procedures for review of future projects associated with implementation of the CPU.
Data Recovery Excavations of CA-SDI-14971, -16695, and -16696, for the Via de la Valle Road Widening Project, San Diego, CA
As Principal Investigator for this project, Mr. Price developed the multi-phased data recovery program for three Late Prehistoric sites that are to be impacted by the proposed road widening. He is also the primary author of the data recovery report and is in the process of finalizing the content of the mitigation monitoring reporting program to be implemented during construction.
Via de la Valle Road Widening Project, San Diego, CA
Mr. Price was the principal investigator of the significance testing program for four previously recorded archaeological sites within the project impact area. Responsibilities included developing the testing program research design, directing the field crew, coordinating the Native American monitors, overseeing cataloging and analysis in the lab, and authoring the report presenting findings of significance and recommendations for a data recovery program.
Mission to San Miguel Substation 230-kiloVolt Transmission Line #2, San Diego County, CA
Mr. Price conducted a cultural resources survey for this 230-kiloVolt transmission line access road. The route follows existing transmission lines within an existing
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SDG&E utility easement for approximately 35 miles and extends through the cities of El Cajon, Santee, and San Diego, and a portion of the U.S. Marine Corps Air Station Miramar. The cultural resource investigation was undertaken to satisfy the conditions of project approval, regarding cultural resources, as requested by the California Public Utilities Commission and as identified in CEQA.
Wal-Mart/Escondido Union School District Planned Development Project, Escondido, CA
Mr. Price conducted archival photographic research on history of a half-round metal building constructed by the Escondido Water District to determine its significance under CEQA and City of Escondido Guidelines.
Ancient Lake Cahuilla Shoreline, Target Area 101, Naval Air Facility El Centro, CA
Mr. Price participated in the cultural resource survey for this project involving a cultural resources inventory of 2,000 acres along a portion of the ancient Lake Cahuilla shoreline at Naval Air Facility El Centro.
Riverpark at Mission Gorge, San Diego, CA
Mr. Price was the project archaeologist responsible for conducting record search, directing the field effort, and writing the technical report with mitigation recommendations for this 395-acre redevelopment project in Mission Gorge. The project included the relocation and evaluation of several segments of the Old Mission Flume, a city, state, and federally listed historical resource.
Construction Monitoring for a 230-kiloVolt Transmission Line on BLM Lands, Imperial Valley to the U.S./Mexico Border, CA
Mr. Price participated in archaeological field surveys, significance testing, and monitoring for the construction of two 230-kiloVolt transmission lines in Imperial County. As a project monitor, he was present for the drilling of the tower footings, cement form setup, cement pouring, and initial lattice assembly.
Holly Springs Property, Carlsbad, CA
Mr. Price was the field director and co-author of the significance testing program for a small two-loci Late Prehistoric site north of Agua Hedionda Creek (CA-SDI-16661). Responsibilities included developing the data recovery research design, directing the field crew, overseeing cataloging and analysis in the lab, and co-authoring the report presenting findings and recommendations for the site.
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Penasquitos West, San Diego, CA
Mr. Price was field director of the monitoring/testing program and co-author of the monitoring/mitigation report. During the grading monitoring, artifacts from an adjacent prehistoric site were identified. As a result, a data recovery program was implemented. Because the initial testing program produced a duplication of information from previous testing programs, no additional excavation was determined necessary to mitigate the impacts to the newly discovered extension of the site.
Representative Projects
Test Excavations for the San Vicente Road Improvement Project, San Diego County, CA
Cultural Resource Survey and Test Excavation for Sewer Group 698, San Diego, CA
Test Excavation for the Emery Road Realignment Project, Tecate. San Diego County, CA
Archaeological Monitoring and Test Excavations for the Agua Caliente Pool and Campsite Improvements Project, San Diego County, CA
Cultural Resource Testing for the Hazard Center Redevelopment Project, Mission Valley, San Diego, CA
Cultural Resource Evaluation and Determination of National Register of Historic Places Eligibility for three Archaeological Sites, CA-SDI-10688, CA-SDI-14681, and CA-SDI-14682, on U.S. MCB Camp Pendleton, for Southwest Division NAVFACENGCOM
Test Excavation at CA-SDI-16,646 for the Lawson Valley Bridge Replacement Project, San Diego County, CA
Monitoring for the San Dieguito Lagoon Restoration Project, Del Mar, City of San Diego, CA
Monitoring for the Arbor Terrace Project, North Park, City of San Diego, CA
Monitoring for a Portion of the West Clusters Development Grading, Black Mountain Ranch, San Diego, CA
Monitoring for the Veterinary Specialty Hospital Grading, Sorrento Valley, San Diego, CA
Monitoring for AAA Office, Mission Valley, San Diego, CA
Monitoring for Camino Del Sur and Lusardi Creek Bridge Grading, Black Mountain Ranch, San Diego, CA
Monitoring for the Egyptian Condominiums, San Diego, CA
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Monitoring for Construction at MILCON P-634, MCB Camp Pendleton, CA
Cultural Resources Survey for BLM Dulzura Fuel Break, Dulzura, CA
Cultural Resources Survey of a Portion of the Golf Training Area, MCB Camp Pendleton, CA
Cultural Resource Survey of the Archstone Mission Gorge Development Project, Mission Gorge, City of San Diego, CA
Cultural Resource Survey of the River Park Equestrian Center, Del Mar, City of San Diego, CA
Cultural Resources Survey for Chula Vista Bayfront Master Plan EIR, Chula Vista, CA
Cultural Resources Survey for Santee Town Center Specific Plan Amendment, Santee, CA
Cultural Resource Survey and Building Evaluation of the AMCAL Multi-housing Project, El Centro, CA
Evaluation of the Ivey Ranch House at the Ivey Ranch Park, Oceanside, CA
Historic American Engineering Record Documentation of Six Base End Stations in the White's Point Reservation, Los Angeles County, CA
Evaluation and Documentation of the Alta Loma Heights Citrus Association Packing House, Rancho Cucamonga, CA.
Cultural Resource Surveys of Portions of Eight County Parks, San Diego, CA
Cultural Resource Evaluation and Determination of National Register of Historic Places Eligibility for Two Sites on MCB Camp Pendleton, CA
Data Recovery Excavations for the Western Portion of CA-SDI-13,727 in Valley Center, CA
Test Excavations of Site at Highway 94 and Jamacha Junction, San Diego, CA
Dry Lakes Data Recovery at 4-IMP-5620 for the Bureau of Land Management, Imperial County, CA
Testing at 9 Sites in The Villages and The Ranch at Stallions Crossing, San Diego, CA
Cultural Resource Survey of the Proposed Lake Murray, Cowles Mountain, and Fortuna Mountain Regional Park, San Diego, CA
Data Recovery of Nine Archaeological Sites at La Costa
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North Lake and Golf Course Complex, Carlsbad, CA
Data Recovery at Campus Point, San Diego, CA
Cultural Resource Survey for the Hieatt-Jett Property, Carlsbad, CA
Archaeological Testing of Six Sites at the Proposed North City West, Seventh Development Unit, City of San Diego, CA
Extended Initial Studies at Mira Costa Estates, San Diego, CA
Cultural Resource Survey for Areas VII and VIII of The El Sobrante Landfill Expansion, Riverside County, CA
Archaeological Field Survey of Saint William of York Property, San Diego, CA
Cultural Resource Survey for the El Corazon Property, Oceanside, CA
Cultural Resource Survey for Los Peñasquitos Canyon Preserve, San Diego, CA
Data Recovery at Ten Archaeological Sites at Westwood Valley, San Diego, CA
Data Recovery at Santee Greens Development, El Cajon, CA
Excavations at Los Peñasquitos (Johnson Taylor) Ranch House, San Diego, CA
Testing of Archaeological Sites at Travertine Material Site, San Diego, CA
Testing of Sites for a Portion of State Route 52/Interstate 15, San Diego, CA
Cultural Resource Survey of the Sunshine Beradini Fields Development Plan Property, San Diego, CA
Cultural Resource Survey of the Robertson's Oceanside, Concrete Facility, City of Oceanside, CA
Cultural Resource Survey for the BLM Hauser Mountain Fuel Break, San Diego County, CA
Cultural Resource Survey for the BLM Beauty Mountain Fuel Break, San Diego and Riverside Counties, CA
Richard Shultz, RPA
Archaeologist
Experience Highlights
California BLM Cultural Resource Use Permit
Field surveying, excavation, and monitoring
Meets the Secretary of Interior Standards for Archaeology
Experience 31 years
Education/Registrations M.A. Cultural Resources Management, Sonoma State University
B.A. Anthropology, San Diego State University
Registered Professional Archaeologist, 15841
Certifications/Permits California BLM Cultural Resource Use Permit CA-19-02
Arizona BLM Cultural Resource Use Permit AZ-000679
Nevada BLM Cultural Resource Use Permit N-93693
City of San Diego Qualified Archaeological Principal
Mr. Shultz brings 30 years of practical experience to RECON's cultural resources management discipline. His experience includes numerous historical and archaeological surveys, testing, data recovery, monitoring programs, as well as conducting other research agenda. He has worked with federal and state agencies such as the Bureau of Land Management, the Department of Agriculture Forest Service, the Department of Defense, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the Department of Homeland Security, the California Department of Transportation, the California Public Utilities Commission, and the State Water Resources Control Board. He has successfully implemented the requirements of Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA), as well as requirements of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), the EPA, CEQA, the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) guidelines, and the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA). Mr. Shultz is experienced with integrating archaeological theory and principles with Native American concerns for site protection. He has project experience across California, as well as in the mountain and desert regions of the southwestern United States.
Jacumba Operational Roads Project, Imperial County, CA
Mr. Shultz is serving as the principal investigator and field director for the cultural resources surveys for the Jacumba Roads project in support of an Environmental Assessment. The project entails maintenance, repair, and improvement of 36 miles of roads due to their poor condition and lack of routine maintenance. Mr. Shultz has surveyed a portion of the project, and has already identified and documented prehistoric and historic-period cultural resources. Surveys are ongoing.
Cultural Resources Monitoring for the Goldmine Tap to Knob Wood Pole Replacement Project, Imperial County, CA
The Western Area Power Administration replaced 161 wood pole structures along the Goldmine Tap to Knob transmission line in Imperial County located on private and BLM lands. As principal investigator, Mr. Shultz served as the primary archaeological monitor, established exclusion zones and limits of work areas around previously identified
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Investigator and Monitor
County of Riverside Cultural Resources Consultants List
Orange County Certified Archaeologists Consultants List
California Department of Transportation, PQS Equivalent, Principal Investigator in Prehistoric Archaeology and Principal Architectural Historian
Nevada State Museum, Antiquities Permit 533
Training Unexploded Ordnance Safety Training for Archaeological Survey and Excavation Programs, MCAGCC 29 Palms, MCB Camp Pendleton, Fort Irwin, and Naval Air Facility, El Centro
ARC-GIS 9.x - BLM Cultural Tool Database System
cultural resources, identified previously undocumented resources, relocated mismapped previously recorded trails, and provided cultural resources awareness education to line crews rotating into the project as needed.
CBP El Centro Sector, Alamo River Vegetation Control, Imperial County, CA
RECON prepared an environmental assessment and technical support associated with vegetation control activities along 12 acres of the Alamo River to increase visibility and enhance patrol capabilities at the U.S./Mexico border. As principal investigator and field archaeologist, Mr. Shultz conducted a pedestrian survey of the 12.95-acre area of potential effect (APE). A records search was requested from the South Coastal Information Center and the Native American Heritage Commission. The results of the survey were presented in a letter report.
Class III Cultural Resources Inventory for the Saguaro-Tucson 115-kV Transmission Line, Tucson, AZ
Mr. Shultz served as field director and report author for U.S. Department of Energy, Western Area Power Administration, Desert Southwest Region (WAPA), Class III cultural resources survey for the Saguaro-Tucson 115-kiloVolt transmission line. He completed site assessment updates and impact analysis.
Sheriff Emergency Vehicle Operations Center, San Diego County, CA
Mr. Shultz participated as field crew during cultural resources constraints studyin support of the development of the County Sheriff's Emergency Vehicle Operation Center.
Potrero Park Restroom, Stage and Picnic Area Electrical Upgrades, San Diego County, CA
Mr. Shultz was the lead archaeologist for the archaeological monitoring at the Potrero County Park for underground trenching activities for the placement of electrical conduit. Mr. Shultz co-authored the negative survey report as no cultural resources were identified and the project resulted in no impacts to cultural resources.
Peace Park Biological Evaluation, Sandy Valley, NV
Mr. Shultz served as project archaeologist for the Sandy Valley Peace Park project, conducting background research through both the Southern Nevada Archaeological Archive and the California Historical Resources Information System, followed by a survey of the 18-acre parcel located in Clark County, Nevada. The proposed undertaking was partially funded through a U.S. Housing and Urban
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Development grant, thereby subjecting the project to review under Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended.
Archaeological Evaluation for the Cottonwood Development Plan, Joshua Tree National Park, CA
RECON provided the National Park Service documents for the identification, documentation, and evaluation of historic properties pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act at the Cottonwood campground area in Joshua Tree National Park. As principal investigator, Mr. Shultz carried out the research design and work plant to evaluate previously documented archeological deposits. The archaeological investigations included a systematic survey of the 176-acre Area of Potential Effect (APE) and archeological testing to determine integrity and data potential of 2 archeological sites potentially affected by the Development Plan design alternatives.
Evaluation Plan and Archaeological Testing of Two Sites for the Isabella Dam Safety Modification Project, Kern County, CA
RECON, under contract with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, helped to complete an evaluation plan and testing of two sites within the Isabella Dam Safety Modification Project located in the Sequoia National Forest. Mr. Shultz participated as field crew during the test excavation phase of the project. He was responsible for surface collection, unit excavations, and daily notes.
Chapman Solar Ranch Project, San Diego County, CA
Mr. Shultz participated in the archaeological survey of the 135 acre project area. The project parcel would be impacted by construction of a solar generating facility, gen-tie components, and access roads. Mr. Shultz assisted in identifying and recording cultural resources and isolated artifacts.
Nelson Lake Flight Landing Strip, National Training Center, Fort Irwin, San Bernardino County, CA
Mr. Shultz was one of the Secretary of Interior qualified archaeological monitors for the construction of the C-17 capable landing strip. This project that consisted of both day and night construction to meet the aggressive completion deadline. Mr. Shultz was present during the grading for the project, recorded daily notes, and kept the current Base cultural resources team informed of his findings. When monitoring exposed one feature, he followed discovery procedures, including consulting with the Base Archaeologist, and took detailed notes and photographs.
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Mr. Shultz also exercised the safety protocols after identifying two unexploded ordinance devices within the excavation area.
Indiana Street Apartments, San Diego, CA
Mr. Shultz served as project archaeologist for the proposed Indiana Street Apartments project, conducting survey and providing support for a MND for the City of San Diego.
Delaware Street Apartments, Huntington Beach, CA
Mr. Shultz completed the cultural resources survey in support of the development of the Delaware Street Apartments Project. The results of the survey were used to prepare a letter to State Historic Preservation Office requesting concurrence of no effect to historic properties.
Vidler Estates, San Marcos, CA
Mr. Shultz served as project archaeologist for the proposed Vidler Estates project, conducting survey and providing support for a MND for the City of San Marcos.
Heritage Bluffs Thread-leaved Brodiaea Translocation Program, San Diego, CA
Mr. Shultz served as the primary archaeological monitor for this 43-acre housing development project in the Black Mountain Ranch subarea of the City of San Diego. He was responsible for implementing the mitigation monitoring and reporting program for the project. He was present during the grading, recorded daily notes, and coordinated Native American monitoring schedule.
The Elms and The Ivy Property, San Diego, CA
Mr. Shultz participated as a field director during the survey and subsequent data recovery programs of the 33.7-acre project. Responsibilities included directing and supervising six field archaeologists, maintaining project paperwork including daily photos and notes, communicating updates to the project manager, and ensuring that the project was completed on time and on budget.
Kaiser Sea Breeze Carmel View Project, San Diego, CA
Mr. Shultz served as an archaeological monitor for the project, which uncovered two small historic-period trash deposits. Both features were determined not to be significant historical resources under any of the CEQA criteria or City of San Diego criteria a-f.
Pinto Basin Road Rehabilitation EA and BA, Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, CA
Mr. Shultz served as the primary archaeological monitor for this 43-acre housing development project in the Black
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Mountain Ranch subarea of the City of San Diego. He was responsible for implementing the mitigation monitoring and reporting program for the project. He was present during the grading, recorded daily notes, and coordinated Native American monitoring schedule.
Imperial Solar Energy Center (CSOLAR) South and West Projects, Imperial County, CA
Mr. Shultz served as the field director for the Imperial Solar Energy Centers South and West projects in Imperial Valley within portion of the Yuha Desert. The project consisted of two utility-scale solar energy project sites (photovoltaic solar field and associated transmission lines) covering over 3,000 acres of both private and BLM lands. As part of this effort he and his crew recorded 65 sites and 110 isolated artifacts. Mr. Shultz also attended one tribal meeting and one site visit with a member of Cocopah and a member from the San Pasqual Band of Indians.
Mount Laguna Air Force Station, San Diego County, CA
Mr. Shultz participated in the building-by-building survey of 23 remaining buildings in order to evaluate them for National Register of Historic Places eligibility for the Mount Laguna Air Force Station located in Cleveland National Forest.
San Vicente Road Improvements Project, San Diego, CA
Mr. Shultz served as a field archaeologist responsible for completing archaeological test excavations within the area of proposed impact in order to comply with the County's cultural review requirements in accordance with CEQA. The test excavations consisted of 16 shovel test pits and three one-by-one meter units.
Emery Road Realignment, County of San Diego, CA
The proposed project is the realignment of an existing one-quarter mile section of the Emery Road which would result in the construction of new culverts to serve the realigned roadway. Mr. Shultz assisted during the data recovery program phase of this project.
Borrego Valley Airport Improvement Sites, San Diego, CA
Mr. Shultz was the Principal Investigator responsible for providing cultural resources services to the County of San Diego Department of Public Works for the Borrego Valley Airport, which required conducting agency and field research and documentation for recommendations in
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support of the Federal Aviation Administration NEPA documentation.
Group Job 809 Archaeological Data Recovery and Construction Monitoring, San Diego, CA
Mr. Shultz was the field director for preconstruction data recovery project at two large-area archaeological deposits in the highly urban area of La Jolla. The project required considerable coordination with construction crews, city engineers, local residents, and off-site RECON wet-screen staff.
Heritage Resource Sample Survey at Remote Training Site, Warner Springs, CA
Mr. Shultz participated in, and documented the results of, a Class II sample survey for the proposed expansion of the U.S. Navy Remote Training Site, Warner Springs. The two-phase systematic sample survey covered approximately 6,400 acres of the total 12,544-acre project area in the upper San Luis Rey watershed in northern San Diego County. The survey identified two ethnographic village sites and numerous supporting resource locations.
Lower Colorado River Cultural Landscape Study and Sears Point Ethnography Study, Yuma, AZ
Mr. Shultz completed site forms and documents research in support of an ethnographic study of the Sears Point Area of Critical Environmental Concern (ACEC), for the BLM Yuma Field Office.
Lawson Valley Road Bridge Replacement Project, San Diego County, CA
Mr. Shultz served as interim principal investigator on this Caltrans-sponsored bridge replacement project, where he prepared a data recovery plan as a response to findings during monitoring operations.
Ancient Lake Cahuilla Shoreline, Target Area 101, Naval Air Facility El Centro, CA
Mr. Shultz conducted a cultural resource survey of a portion of ancient Lake Cahuilla. The survey identified over 2,200 heritage resources, which helped define an archaeological district within a cultural landscape, both of which are considered eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places.
HABS/HAER, White's Point Reservation, Base Ends Station B '1-B' 6, CA
The project involved the evaluation and documentation of six base end stations. Mr. Shultz hand-excavated each base
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end station to expose the full front elevation and the forward third two more elevations. He also completed detailed drawings, which were submitted to the Library of Congress.
Selected Bureau of Land Management Road Closures in the Yuha Desert and East Mesa, Imperial County, CA
Mr. Shultz conducted cultural resource surveys for a two-phase heritage resources inventory of road segments in the West Mesa area of Imperial County. The first phase entailed a reconnaissance or intensive survey of 29 miles, as appropriate, while the second phase covered just under 55 miles.
Previous Experience
Class III Cultural Resources Inventory in Carrizo Plain National Monument, San Luis Obispo County, CA
Mr. Shultz participated in a Class III sample survey of over 3,900 acres of the Carrizo Plain National Monument in preparation of a Proposed Resource Management Plan and Final Environmental Impact Statement, documenting numerous historical and archaeological resources.
Positive Archaeological Survey Report for a Coastal Access Scenic Bikeway on 7a Portion of Port Road and Off-Highway Parcels in the City of Point Arena, Mendocino County, CA
This Caltrans sponsored project included an architectural and cultural resources survey for a proposed bikeway in the City of Point Arena. Mr. Shultz was responsible for project coordination, implementation, contact with Native American representatives, records search, field evaluations, report documentation, and proposal of recommendations.
Effects of Fire and Fire Management on Cultural Resources, Point Reyes National Seashore, National Parks Service, Marin County, CA
Mr. Shultz developed documentation on the effects of fire and fire management on cultural resources, provided feasible mitigation measures, and conducted cultural resource surveys prior to prescribed burns for the Department of the Interior, Point Reyes National Seashore and Golden Gate National Recreation Area.
Highway 14 and 395/Freeman Gulch Four-lane Expansion Project, Caltrans District 10, Ridgecrest/Freeman Junction, Kern County, CA (Southwestern Great Basin)
As project archaeologist/crew chief with the Anthropological Studies Center, Mr. Shultz tested and evaluated for
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inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places over 20 previously recorded cultural resources as part of a Caltrans proposed widening of two road alignments in Kern County. Sites were evaluated through the California Archaeological Resource Identification and Data Acquisition Program (CARIDAP).
Architectural Evaluation: Norwood Tentative Parcel Map, County of Sacramento, CA
Mr. Shultz documented and evaluated for inclusion on National Register of Historic Places/California Register of Historical Resources a circa 1905 residential building for the County of Sacramento Department of Environmental Review and Assessment.
Diamond Heritage Cultural Resources Survey, Plumas and Lassen National Forests, Mount Hough Ranger District, CA
Mr. Shultz conducted a cultural resources survey of 17,000 acres of Plumas National Forest in Plumas and Lassen Counties, visiting, updating, and documenting over 110 previously recorded sites, as well as documenting scores of previously unknown resources, including historic-period mining camps and homesteads, mining areas, Basque sheep camps and grazing lands, and high altitude, trans-mountain prehistoric sites.
Cultural Resources Services for the San Diego Border Barrier Project, Border Field State Park, San Diego, CA
Mr. Shultz served as Field and Laboratory Director on this Border Field Border Fence project, under which the U.S. Department of Homeland Security proposed to build an improved fence along the international border with Mexico. The Fort Worth US Army Corp of Engineers was responsible for overseeing environmental studies. Mr. Shultz was responsible for managing up to 18 field and 4 laboratory archaeologists. He successfully negotiated the multifaceted aspects of this project through constant open dialogue between federal and state agency heads, project construction personnel, and concerned Native American monitors.
Class III Cultural Inventory within the Pine Wash, Stokes, and Fife fuel reduction projects, Lincoln County and Ely District, NV
Mr. Shultz co-conducted a 2,700 acre cultural resource survey for a fuels reduction program issued by the BLM. Several previously recorded sites were revisited, site forms were updated as needed, and over 40 new prehistoric archaeological deposits were identified and documented.
Cultural Resources Survey Report
The Farm in Poway Project
CONFIDENTIAL ATTACHMENTS
Not for Public Review